class VI cbse geoography

1. THE EARTH IN THE
SOLAR SYSTEM
KABITHA MADHU
PRINCIPAL
THE MERIDIAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
TIRUCHENGODE

2. THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
When do you like to see the sky?
Day?
Night?

3. Sky in the day time

4. Sky in the night time

6. What did you see here in the sky?
• Millions of Stars
• Meteors (shooting stars)
• Moon
• Clouds
• Comets
• constellations

7. Moon
• You see them most of the days in the night sky
• It appears at different times
• In different shapes
• In different positions
• We see the full moon (Poornima) once a month (28 days)
• We cannot see the moon after a fortnight (14 days later),it is the new
moon night (Amavasya). This night you can see the sky at it’s best.

8. Stars
(It looks like the sky is studded with diamonds)
• Numerous stars (uncountable)
• Some are bright – they twinkle
• Some are dim - they just glow without any flicker

9. The Moon – Satellite of the Earth
• Our earth has only one satellite. It is the moon
• The Moon is an astronomical body orbiting Earth as its only natural satellite.
It is the fifth-largest satellite in the Solar System.
• Distance to Earth : 384,400 km
• Gravity : 1.62 m/s²
• Radius : 1,737.1 km
• Surface area : 3.793×107 km2; (0.074 of Earth's)
• Alternative names : Luna; Selene (poetic); Cynthia (poetic)
• Rotation & Revolution : 27 Days

10. Why is only one side of the moon visible to us on the earth?
• The time taken by the moon to rotate on its axis and revolve around the
earth is the same. That is 27 days. Therefore we get to see only one side of
the moon always.
Who was the first to land on moon? When?
Neil Armstrong was the first man to step on the surface of the moon on 21
July 1969

11. Phases of the moon

12. Phases
of the
moon
and the
names
they are
called

13. Why can’t we see the moon and all those
bright objects during the day time?
• We can’t see the moon and all those bright objects during the day
time because the very bright light of the sun does not allow us to see
them.
• Due to Earth's atmosphere, seeing any celestial objects during the
fullness of a day is impossible.

14. Celestial bodies- The sun, the moon and all
those objects shining in the night sky.

15. PROXIMA CENTAURI
ALPHA CENTAURI A & B
PROXIMA CENTAURI IS THE NEAREST STAR TO THE SUN
STARS ARE BIG AND HOT. THEY ARE MADE OF
GASES. THEY HAVE THEIR OWN HEAT AND
LIGHT WHICH THEY EMIT IN LARGE AMOUNTS.
WE DO NOT FEEL THEIR HEAT OR LIGHT, AND
THEY LOOK TINY BECAUSE THEY ARE VERY VERY
FAR FROM US. THE SUN IS A STAR.

16. A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of
stars forms an imaginary outline or pattern, typically representing
an animal, mythological person or creature, or an inanimate object.
The origins of the earliest constellations likely go back to prehistory.
Constellation
Big Bear / Ursa MajorBig Bear Orion
Saptarishi

17. Zodiac Signs

18. Polaris / North Star / Pole Star
The North Pole Star, also called Polaris, is
just another star that happens to be very
close to where the North Celestial Pole,
the point in the sky directly above the
North Pole, is. Nothing special about it
but it is useful for navigation at night as
it tells you where the north is. To find it,
look for the constellation Big Dipper and
draw a line between the two outermost
stars of the constellation.

19. THE SUN

21. THE SUN
• The sun is the Centre of the solar system.
• It is huge and made up of extremely hot gases.
• It provides the pulling force that binds the solar system.
• The sun is the ultimate source of light for the solar system, but that
tremendous heat is not felt so much by us because it is very far away
from us.
• The sun is about 150 million km away from earth.
• Light travels at a speed of about 300,000 km per second. Yet it takes
8 minutes for the sunlight to reach the earth.

22. The Sun’s Family – The Solar System

23. The Sun’s Family – The Solar
System
• The sun is the Centre of the solar system.
• The sun, its eight planets and their satellites and other asteroids and
meteoroids make the solar system.
• The sun is the head of the solar family.
• All the member of the family namely planets, asteroids, meteors and
meteoroids get their energy from the sun ray’s. These do not have
heat or light of their own.

24. Planets
Pluto is no more a
planet with effect
from August 2006
Pluto is now
considered a Dwarf
Planet

25. Planets
The word planet comes from the Greek word “Planetai”, which
means “Wanderer”
Planets are celestial bodies that o not have their own heat and
light.
They are lit by the light of the stars.
 the earth is one such planet. It gets all its heat and light from the
sun, which is our nearest star.
There are eight planets in the solar system, they move around the
sun in fixed elongated paths called “orbits”
Orbit of the earth around the sun

26. Inner And Outer Planets Of The Sun

28. Inner And Outer Planets Of The Sun

29. There are currently 8 planets and 5 dwarf planets in the Solar System.
1. Mercury — 0 satellite
2. Venus — 0 satellite
3. Earth — 1 satellite (the moon)
4. Mars — 2 satellites (Phobos & Deimos)
5. Jupiter — 79 satellites
6. Saturn — 82 satellites (max)
7. Uranus — 27 satellites
8. Neptune — 14 satellites
So, total number of satellites (1+2+79+82+27+14) of 8 planets is 205.
The list of satellites per dwarf planet:-
1. Ceres — 0 satellite
2. Pluto — 5 satellites
3. Haumea — 2 satellites
4. Make-Make — 1 satellite
5. Eris — 1 satellite
The total number of satellites (5+2+1+1) of 5 dwarf planets is 9.
Therefore, the overall number of satellites (205+9) in the Solar System is 214.

31. Mercury : Swift Planet
Venus : Morning/ Evening Star, Brighter Planet, Earths Twin
Earth : Blue Planet, Living Planet
Mars : Red Planet
Jupiter : Giant Planet
Saturn : Ringed Planet, Beautiful Planet
Uranus : Ice Giant, Green Planet and Lying Planet
Neptune : Big Blue Planet
Nick names of planets

32. In Latin the Earth’s name is Terra. In English, Earth’s real name is “Earth”. In
Chinese, it’s “Dìqiú”. In Swedish, it’s “Jord”. In Haitian Creole, it’s “Latè".
The Earth
• Earth is estimated to have formed
around 4.5 billion years ago – almost one-
third of the age of the universe – through
accretion from the solar nebula.
• Earth is the third planet from the Sun, at
a distance of 1 AU or 147 million km / 91
million mi.
• It is the fifth-largest planet in the Solar
System, being the largest of the terrestrial
planets.Shape of the Earth is Geoid (Earth like shape)

33. Why Earth is called a unique planet?
The Earth is known as a unique planet as life exists on it. This is because
• The Earth is located at an optimum distance from the Sun. Hence it is neither too
hot nor too cold.
• The Earth has an average temperature of 17°C, which is suitable to sustain all life
forms.
• The Earth has an atmosphere which is made up of gases like oxygen, nitrogen
and carbon dioxide.
• While the Ozone layer prevents the harmful rays of the Sun from entering into the
Earth, carbon dioxide traps the Sun’s heat, keeping the planet warm.
• The Earth has water which is essential for the survival of all living beings.

34. Why Earth is called a blue planet?
From the outer space the earth appears blue because
its two-thirds surface is covered by water. It is
therefore called a blue planet

35. • It has an equatorial radius of 6.371 km / 3.958 mi, and a polar radius
of 6.356 km / 3.949 mi, meaning it is not completely spherical but rather
bulged at the equator due to rotation.
• The Earth has a diameter of 12.742 km / 7.917 mi.
• Earth has a mass of about 6.6 sextillion tons and a volume of about
260 billion cubic miles / 1 trillion cubic kilometers.
• The surface area of Earth is about 197 million square miles / 510
million square kilometers.
• Around 71% of the surface is covered by water and 29% by land.
SOME EARTH FACTS

36. •The water is 3% fresh and 97% salted. Of that 3% freshwater, over 2% is
frozen in ice sheets and glaciers meaning that less than 1% is freshwater
found in lakes, rivers, and the underground.
•The atmosphere of Earth is composed of roughly 78% nitrogen, 21%
oxygen, 0.97% argon and carbon dioxide and about 0.04% other gases
and water vapor. The mixture of gases is commonly known as air.
• The thickness of the atmosphere is about 60 miles / 96 kilometers.
• The atmosphere of Earth is divided into 6 layers: troposphere,
stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere, and ionosphere.

37. ASTEROIDS
• These are tiny bodies apart from stars, planets and satellites which move around the sun.
• They are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
• Asteroids are minor planets, especially of the inner Solar System. Larger asteroids have also
been called planetoids.

38. meteoroids
• The small pieces of rocks which move around the sun are called meteoroids
• When the meteoroids come near the earth and tend to drop upon it. During this process
due to friction with air they get heated up and burn. It causes a flash of light . This is called
a meteor.
• Some times a meteor without being completely burnt fall on the earth and creates a hollow,
that is called a Meteorite.
Three terms based on where the object is in the solar system.
Meteoroid – chunk of rock or dust in space that comes from comets or asteroids
Meteor – When a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere and burns up
Meteorite – when a meteor hits Earth’s surface.

39. 100 tons of cosmic dust, meteoroids fall to Earth.
Meteor
Meteor
Meteorite

42. Galaxy of the solar system – The Milky Way
Galaxy Akash Ganga
Galaxy is a huge system of billions of stars. Millions of galaxies make the universe.

43. Andromeda GalaxyMilky Way Galaxy
Milky Way and Andromeda will collide sooner than expected - Telegraph

44. Scientists discover 14 galaxies about to collide with each others
Colliding Galaxies - A Moment of Science

45. Our Universe

46. EARTH
EARTH
SOLAR SYSTEM
MILKY WAY GALAXY
THE UNIVERSE
MYSELF IN THE UNIVERSE