describe of solar system

1. Solar System
Made by
:
Marina Maher Mansour Basta
Under supervision
:
Dr Hussein Abd ElBasit

2. The Objectves
 Description the components of the
solar system
 Comparing between the planets
 Define the importance of our planet
( the earth )for us
 Appreciate the greatness of the
creator

3. The Elements
 Definition of the solar system
 Description of the sun
 Definition of the planets
 Classification of the planets
 Description of the planets

4. The Solar System
The Solar System includes the Sun, the Earth (where you
are now!) and all of the other planets, asteroids and
comets that go around and around it.
The Solar System is about 4.6 billion years old. It formed
by gravity in a large molecular cloud. Most of this matter
gathered in the center, and the rest flattened into an
orbiting disk that became the Solar System. It is thought
that almost all stars form by this process.
On the far side of the asteroid belt are the four gas giants -
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. These planets are
much bigger than Earth, but very lightweight for their size.
They are mostly made of hydrogen and helium.
Until recently, the furthest known planet was an icy
world called Pluto. However, Pluto is dwarfed by
Earth’s Moon and many astronomers think it is too
small to be planet

5. The Sun
At the center of the solar system is a star called the Sun.
It is the largest object in the solar system. Its diameter, or
distance through its center, is 865,000 miles (1,392,000
kilometers). In addition, the Sun contains more than 99
percent of all the material in the solar system. The Sun is
a very hot ball of hydrogen and helium gases. It has a
temperature, at its core, of more than 28,080,000° F
(15,600,000° C). It constantly changes the hydrogen in its
core into helium. This process gives out huge amounts of
radiation, or energy. Living things on Earth depend on this
energy, in the form of light and heat.
The Sun is a star, a huge ball of very hot gas. The
temperature of the Sun is around 5,500°C – it’s so hot that
you can feel the heat from it on Earth, millions of miles
away, and see by the light that it gives out

6. The Planets
Planet: a large body of either rock or gas that follows a
consistent orbit around a star
 There are eight planets that orbit around the Sun. In
order, going from the closest planet to the Sun, to the
one that is farthest away, they are: Mercury, Venus,
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptunear .
 There is a lotof difference between the planets. Some
planets like Earth are made of rock, and some like
Jupiter are made of gas. The hottest planet is Venus
where the average temperature is 460°C, and the
coldest is Uranus, which is -220°C.
 Until 2006, people thought that there were nine
planets in the Solar System. The ninth planet was
Pluto and it is even further away from the Sun than
Neptune. Astronomers decided that Pluto was too
small to be called a planet, so now there are only
eight planets.
 All of the planets and the Sun are round, like balls

7. Classifcaton of the planets
 Inner solar system
The first four planets closest to the Sun are called the inner
planets. They are small and dense terrestrial planets, with solid
surfaces. They are made up of mostly rock and metal with a
distinct internal structure and a similar size. Three also have
an atmosphere. The study of the four planets gives information
about geology outside the Earth. Most asteroids are also often
counted with the inner planets
1) Mercury
2) Venus
3) Earth
4) Mars
 Outer solar system
Outer solar system it also called ( Gas Giant planets )
1. Jupiter
2. Saturn
3. Uranus
4. Neptun

8. Mercury
Mercury : this is the closest planet to the Sun. It is the
smallest planet and is made of rock. It is so close to the
Sun that it only takes 88 days for it to complete its orbit
and is much hotter than Earth.
Mercury is bright when it is visible from Earth, ranging
from −2.0 to 5.5 in apparent magnitude. It cannot be easily
seen as it is usually too close to the Sun. Because
Mercury is normally lost in the glare of the Sun, Mercury
can only be seen in the morning or evening twilight or
during a solar eclipse.
Even though Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, it is
not the warmest. This is because it has no greenhouse
effect, so any heat that the Sun gives to it quickly escapes
into space. The hottest planet is Venus.

9. Venus
Venus is the second planet from the sun. It has a day
longer than a year. The year length of Venus is 225 Earth
days. The day length of Venus is 243 Earth days. It is
a terrestrial planet because it has a solid, rocky surface
like other planets in the inner solar system. Astronomers
have known Venus for thousands of years. The ancient
Romans named it after their goddess Venus. Venus is the
brightest thing in the night sky except for the Moon. It is
sometimes called the morning star or the evening star as
at some elongations it is easily seen just before the sun
comes up in the morning and, at other times, just after the
sun goes down in the evening. Venus comes closer to
the Earth than any other planet does. A Venusian day
takes about 243 Earth days.
Venus is sometimes called the sister planet of Earth as
they are quite similar in size and gravity.

10. Earth
Earth : is the third planet from the Sun. It is the only planet
known to have life on it. The Earth formed around 4.5
billion years ago
The large mass of the Sun makes Earth move around it,
just as the mass of Earth makes the moon move around it.
Earth also turns around in space, so that different parts
face the Sun at different times. Earth goes around the Sun
once (one year) for every 3651
⁄4 times it turns around
(one day)
Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that has a
large amount of liquid water. About 74% of the surface of
Earth is covered by liquid or frozen water. Because of this,
people sometimes call it the blue planet

11. Mars
Mars
isthefourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System and
the second smallest planet. Mars is a cold terrestrial
planet with polar ice caps of frozen water and carbon
dioxide It has the largest volcano in the Solar System,
which is known as Olympus Mons, and some very
large impact craters Mars is named after
the mythological Roman god of war because it appears of
red color
.
Mars is a terrestrial planet and made of rock. The ground
there is red because of iron oxide (rust) in the rocks
and dust. The planet's atmosphere is very thin. It is
mostly carbon dioxide with some argon and nitrogen and
tiny amounts of other gases including oxygen.
The temperatures on Mars are colder than on Earth,
because it is farther away from the Sun and has less air to
keep heat in. There is water ice and frozen carbon dioxide
at the north and south poles. Mars does not have any
liquid water on the surface now, but signs of run-off on the
surface were probably caused by water

12. Jupiter
Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System. It is the
fifth planet from the Sun. Jupiter is a gas giant, both
because it is so large and made up of gas. The other gas
giants are Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
Jupiter has 79 moons. Of these, around 50 are very small
and less than five kilometres wide. The four largest moons
of Jupiter are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. They
are called the Galilean moons, because Galileo
Galilei discovered them. Ganymede is the largest moon in
the Solar System. It is larger in diameter than Mercury. In
2018 another ten very small moons were discovered
Jupiter can be seen even without using a telescope.
The ancient Romans named the planet after their
god Jupiter (Latin: Iuppiter). Jupiter is the third brightest
object in the night sky. Only the Earth's
moon and Venus are brighter.

13. Saturn
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun in the Solar
System. It is the second largest planet in the Solar
System, after Jupiter. Saturn is one of the four gas
giant planets, along with Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune
Saturn has 67 known moons orbiting the planet. 38 are
officially named and 29 are waiting to be named. The
largest moon is Titan, which is larger in volume than the
planet Mercury. Titan is the second-largest moon in the
Solar System. The largest moon is Jupiter's
moon, Ganymede. There is also a very large system
of rings around Saturn. These rings are made of ice with
smaller amounts of rocks and dust. Some people believe
that the rings were caused from a moon impact or other
event. Saturn is about 1,433,000,000 km (869,000,000 mi)
on average from the Sun. Saturn takes 29.6 Earth years to
revolve around the Sun.

14. Uranus
Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun in the Solar
System. It is an ice giant. It is the third largest planet in the
solar system.
The planet is tilted on its axis so much that it is
sideways. It has five big moons, many small ones, and a
small system of 13 planetary rings.
Uranus is named after Uranus, the Greek name of
the Sumerian god Anu, who was a god of sky
The distance between Uranus and the Sun is about 2.8
billion km. Uranus completes its orbit around the Sun in 84
earth years. It completes a spin around itself in 17 hours
and 14 minutes. This means there are about 43,000
Uranian days in one Uranian year.
Uranus was discovered in 1781. This planet can be seen
with the naked eye under perfect conditions. John
Flamsteed saw it decades earlier but mistook it for a star
(34 Tauri).

15. Neptune
Neptune is the eighth, coldest, and last planet from
the Sun in the Solar System. It is an ice giant. It is the
fourth largest planet and third heaviest. Neptune has four
rings which are hard to see from the Earth. It is seventeen
times heavier than Earth and is a little bit heavier
than Uranus. It was named after the Roman God of the
Sea.
Neptune's atmosphere is mostly made up
of hydrogen and helium. It also contains small amounts
of methane which makes the planet appear blue.
Neptune's blue color is much darker compared to the color
of Uranus. Neptune also has the strongest winds of any
planet in the Solar System, measured as high as
2,100 km/h or 1,300 mph

16. Now we recognize what is mean of
solar system , sun and the planets
• Now we also know classification
of the planets
• We can now also description of
the planet in the solar system