The document discusses the motions of the Earth, including its rotation on an axis which causes day and night and its revolution around the sun which causes seasons. It also describes the moon's revolution around Earth, which causes the lunar cycle from new moon to full moon over approximately 15 days of waxing and waning phases each month. The Earth's rotation and revolution, along with the moon's revolution around Earth, produce the basic patterns of days, seasons, and lunar phases.

1. Motions of the Earth

2. Take a look around yourself
 A fan or a top turns around a certain
imaginary line. This line is called
the axis of rotation.

3. Earth's Rotation
A circle drawn around the surface of the earth at a
distance exactly halfway between north and south
poles is called the equator.
The equator divides earth in two equal parts
Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere.

4. Day/night
 Earth revolves around the sun.
 Rotates in anticlockwise motion moves from west
to east.
 The part that gets light has daytime
 The part that does not get light has night time.

5. Sunset and Sunrise
 Sometimes when we go for a trip we see places
called sunset or sunrise points from where these
can be clearly seen on the horizon.
 The sunrise point is in the East, sunset in West

6. Earth completes one revolution around the sun in
24 hours.- i.e. One Day
Fix a point at any country.
Rotate the earth
For approx. 12 hours that part of earth is towards
the sun and approx. 12 hours away from sun.
12 hours daytime + 12 hours Night time = 24
hours

7. One year
 Without changing it's Axis of rotation the earth
revolves around the sun.
 It takes365 days and 6 hours to complete one
revolution around the sun.

8. Leap year
 Every 4 year add 6 hours
 6+6+6+6=24 hours-one day.
 According to Gregorian calendar the month of
February has 28 days. After every 4 years the
lost one day makes the month of February of 29
days. So that Leap year has 366 day instead of
365 days.

9. Seasons
 Due to inclined axis of earth length of day and
night is not equal.
 22 March to 23 sept. Northern Hemisphere- Days
are longer, so warmer, hence Summer season
 In the same period in Southern hemisphere.
Nights are longer, Less heat so itsWinter.
 23 sept. to 22 March - Northern Hemisphere-
Nights are longer Less heat - Winter.
 In the same period southern hemisphere days
are longer, More heat so its Summer.

10. In Bharat, 3 seasons
 Summer :
Vastant,Grishma, Chaitra,
Vaishakh, Jeshta
 Rainy : Varsh sharad
Aashard shravan,
bhadrapad
 Winter : Hemant Shishir
Ashwin, kartik, margshish

11. Why Moon
small and large
 Earth revolves around the sun
 At the same time moon revolves around the earth
 These two orbits intersects
 Sun moon and the earth are not always along a
straight line

12. Full moon
 Moon has no light of its own
 We see moon because of sun's light that falls on it.
 One day in a Month we see full moon

13. New Moon
 One day in a Month we can not see any part of
moon - No sun's light on the moon
 From day of new moon it grows bigger and
bigger.

14. Waxing moon and Wanning moon
 From day of new moon to full moon it takes 14-15
day - Waxing moon Shukla
 Full moon to new moon it takes - 14-15 day -
wanning moon - krishna Paksha - 15 days.

15. Lunar Month -Tithi
 15 day waxing moon + 15 day wanning = One
month - Lunar Month
 Everyday of Lunar month is Tithi.

16. Lets Summaries
 The rotation of earth gives rise day & night
 Revolution of earth and inclination of axis gives
rise to cycle of seasons.
 Revolution of moon around earth gives rise to
phases of moon.
 Full moon to new moon - Waxing Shukla paksha
 New moon to full moon - warming krishna paksha