Answer: The gill and siphon withdrawal complex in Aplysia (a marine snail) is an involuntary defensive reflex, which causes the marine snail to retract its siphon and gill when the animal is disturbed. There are 3 mechanisms used to stimulate the process of involuntary defensive reflex as soon as an external stimuli trigger its activity on the peripheral organs of mollusk, Aplysia. The three mechanisms are habituation, dishabituation and sensitization. The central and pheripheral neurons are involved in an involuntary defensive reflex of Aplysia as part of defense mechanism. The neurobiological model is mediated by six central motor neurons in Aplysia with abdominal ganglion to produce involuntary defensive reflex to stimulate gills & these neurons are L7, LDG1, LDG2 and RDG used for larger gill contractions. Smaller gill involuntary defensive reflex is mediate L9G1 and L9G2 whereas siphon is innervated by LDS1, LDS2, LDS3, RDS, LBS1, LBS2 to mediate involuntary defensive reflex. Habituation and dishabituation is mediated based on the external stimuli on the gills finally some reflexes are going to activate “ink glands” to trigger release of ink when a predator arrived to its surrounds result in escaping from the predator Solution Answer: The gill and siphon withdrawal complex in Aplysia (a marine snail) is an involuntary defensive reflex, which causes the marine snail to retract its siphon and gill when the animal is disturbed. There are 3 mechanisms used to stimulate the process of involuntary defensive reflex as soon as an external stimuli trigger its activity on the peripheral organs of mollusk, Aplysia. The three mechanisms are habituation, dishabituation and sensitization. The central and pheripheral neurons are involved in an involuntary defensive reflex of Aplysia as part of defense mechanism. The neurobiological model is mediated by six central motor neurons in Aplysia with abdominal ganglion to produce involuntary defensive reflex to stimulate gills & these neurons are L7, LDG1, LDG2 and RDG used for larger gill contractions. Smaller gill involuntary defensive reflex is mediate L9G1 and L9G2 whereas siphon is innervated by LDS1, LDS2, LDS3, RDS, LBS1, LBS2 to mediate involuntary defensive reflex. Habituation and dishabituation is mediated based on the external stimuli on the gills finally some reflexes are going to activate “ink glands” to trigger release of ink when a predator arrived to its surrounds result in escaping from the predator.

1. Answer:
The gill and siphon withdrawal complex in Aplysia (a marine snail) is an involuntary defensive
reflex, which causes the marine snail to retract its siphon and gill when the animal is disturbed.
There are 3 mechanisms used to stimulate the process of involuntary defensive reflex as soon as
an external stimuli trigger its activity on the peripheral organs of mollusk, Aplysia. The three
mechanisms are habituation, dishabituation and sensitization. The central and pheripheral
neurons are involved in an involuntary defensive reflex of Aplysia as part of defense mechanism.
The neurobiological model is mediated by six central motor neurons in Aplysia with abdominal
ganglion to produce involuntary defensive reflex to stimulate gills & these neurons are L7,
LDG1, LDG2 and RDG used for larger gill contractions. Smaller gill involuntary defensive
reflex is mediate L9G1 and L9G2 whereas siphon is innervated by LDS1, LDS2, LDS3, RDS,
LBS1, LBS2 to mediate involuntary defensive reflex. Habituation and dishabituation is mediated
based on the external stimuli on the gills finally some reflexes are going to activate “ink glands”
to trigger release of ink when a predator arrived to its surrounds result in escaping from the
predator
Solution
Answer:
The gill and siphon withdrawal complex in Aplysia (a marine snail) is an involuntary defensive
reflex, which causes the marine snail to retract its siphon and gill when the animal is disturbed.
There are 3 mechanisms used to stimulate the process of involuntary defensive reflex as soon as
an external stimuli trigger its activity on the peripheral organs of mollusk, Aplysia. The three
mechanisms are habituation, dishabituation and sensitization. The central and pheripheral
neurons are involved in an involuntary defensive reflex of Aplysia as part of defense mechanism.
The neurobiological model is mediated by six central motor neurons in Aplysia with abdominal
ganglion to produce involuntary defensive reflex to stimulate gills & these neurons are L7,
LDG1, LDG2 and RDG used for larger gill contractions. Smaller gill involuntary defensive
reflex is mediate L9G1 and L9G2 whereas siphon is innervated by LDS1, LDS2, LDS3, RDS,
LBS1, LBS2 to mediate involuntary defensive reflex. Habituation and dishabituation is mediated
based on the external stimuli on the gills finally some reflexes are going to activate “ink glands”
to trigger release of ink when a predator arrived to its surrounds result in escaping from the
predator