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Caliphates.pptx
- 2. Nomadic life in Bedouin culture • Bedouins are Arabs and desert nomads who hail from and continue to live primarily in the Arabian peninsula and the Middle East and North Africa. They the have traditionally lived in the arid steppe regions along the margins of rain-fed cultivation. They often occupy areas that receive less than 5 centimeters of rain a year, sometimes relying on pastures nourished by morning dew rather than rain to provide water for their animals. • Bedouins regard themselves as true Arabs and the “heirs of glory.” They are found mostly in Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman and Egypt. Bedouins are objects of romance and associated with the idea of freedom for many Arabs. But there life is not easy.
- 3. ISLAM • Began in early 7th century Middle east Arabia • it is a monotheistic faith • They believe in Allah and worship him. • Prophet Muhammad was their religious leader • Quran was considered their holy book
- 4. ISLAM Five Pillars of Islam • Pledge of allegiace to Islam • Praying facing Mecca • Giving alms to the poor • Fasting during the month of Ramaddan • Pilgrimage to Meccah
- 5. Islamic schism • Just like christian schism of the orthodox and catholic church or the later shism between catholic and protestant factions, Islam encounter a similar phenomenon • Sect rivalry emerge between the Sunni and Shia muslims • They regard each other as heretics • A heretic is someone who believes or teaches something that goes against accepted or official beliefs, especially in religion Recommended Historical documentary Islamic schism explained: https://youtu.be/- 85dXjgMiSU
- 6. From Tribe to Nation
- 7. What are Caliphates? • Caliphate, the political-religious state comprising the Muslim community and the lands and peoples under its dominion in the centuries following the death (632 CE) of the Prophet Muhammad. • Ruled by a caliph (Arabic khalīfah, “successor”), who held temporal and sometimes a degree of spiritual authority, the empire of the Caliphate grew rapidly through conquest during its first two centuries to include most of Southwest Asia, North Africa, and Spain. Dynastic struggles later brought about the Caliphate’s decline, Medieval City of Baghdad
- 8. from nation to empire List of Caliphates • Rashidun caliphates • Ummayad caliphates • Abbasid caliphates -Mamluk abbasid caliphates • Seljuk turks • Ottoman caliphates (turkish lead) This will be discussed thoroughly next week on monday we suggest advance reading on this caliphates.
- 10. The end