3. Palaeolithic Period
• “palaios” – old; “lithos” – stone
• Also referred to as the Old Stone
Age or Ice Age
• People were nomads and able to
use simple tools and weapons
made of unpolished stone.
• Discovered fire – using stone
(protection for cold temp. and for
cooking)
• Small societies
4. Neolithic Period
• “neo” – new; “lithos” – stone
• New stone age; First
agricultural revolution
• Crafts as pottery and
weaving
• Developed boats
• Sedentary type of society –
villages and towns
5. Metal Age
• Three Stages: Copper Age,
Bronze Age, Iron Age
• Agricultural tools, military
weapons, household
utensils
• Tribes, empires, and state
were recognized
6. Comparing the Periods
• Paleolithic Age
• Unpolished stone
tools
• Hunting and
gathering
• Nomadic way of
living
• Neolithic Age
• Polished stone tools
• Domestication of
plants and animals
• Living in permanent
places
• Metal Age
• Use of metals
• Tribes, empires and
state
• Civilization
7. Ancient State and
Civilization: Mesopotamia
• Every City in Mesopotamia had its
own government, rulers, warrior,
patron god, and functioned like an
independent country.
• Mesopotamian cities: Ur, Uruk,
Kish, and Lagesh
• Ziggurat – a massive, tiered,
pyramid shaped structure located
at the center of each society –
temple
• Military commanders became
monarchs - Dynasty
8.
9. Ancient State and
Civilization: Egypt
• Ancient Egyptians lived near
the Nile River
• Egyptian King – “Pharaoh”
• He passed laws
• Ruled the country
• Owned most of the land
• Controlled trade and led
the armies
• Pharaohs - gods
10.
11. Modern State and
Civilization
• Spain, 1942 – Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella took
Spain back from the Muslim (Era of Spain)
• In France, Louis XIV created an absolute monarchy.
• In 1914, World War I
• In 1939, World War II
• In 1945, End of WWII led to the formation of United Nations.
12. State of People: Democratic State
Democratization is the transition to a
more democratic political regime.
Transition from an Authoritarian
regime to a full Democracy
13. Types of
Democracy
• (1) a representative democracy – system
where citizens choose government
representatives among their citizens.
• direct democracy – when citizens form a
governing body and vote directly on issues
• constitutional democracy limits the powers
of the government through the nation’s
constitution
