Boy Scouts of America - Aviation Merit Badge. This was virtual online merit badge course intended to be mostly instructor lead in an effort educate and entertain the scouts during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Typically scouts would be accomplishing the requirements on their own with minimal instruction from the merit badge councilor Part 2 of a 5 day course.

1. Welcome to
SUMMER CAMP IN A BOX
Virtual Merit Badge
AVIATION

2. AVIATION Merit Badge
Day 2
Merit Badge Counselor – JB Murphy – “MURF”

3. 1. Do the following:
a. Define “aircraft.” Describe some kinds and uses of aircraft today. Explain the
operation of piston, turboprop, and jet engines.
b. Point out on a model airplane the forces that act on an airplane in flight.
c. Explain how an airfoil generates lift, how the primary control surfaces (ailerons,
elevators, and rudder) affect the airplane’s attitude, and how a propeller
produces thrust.
AVIATION MERIT BADGE- REQUIRMENTS SLIDE SUB-TITLE

4. SCOUTS BSA - AIRFOIL
What is an AIRFOIL?
• It is a shape that moves through a fluid (air) and produces aerodynamic
force.
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

5. SCOUTS BSA - AIRFOIL
Parts of an AIRFOIL?
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

6. SCOUTS BSA - AIRFOIL
An AIRFOIL is used in many applications on an aircraft and is a cross-sectional
shape of a;
• Wing, Stabilizers,
Engine Carburetor
• Propeller Blade
• Rotor Blade Helicopter
• Turbine Engine Blade
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

7. Flight is very complicated and we are only going to scratch the surface.
The scientific principals of two great men must be understood in order to explain
how an airfoil will allow an aircraft to fly.
SCOUTS BSA - AIRFOIL SLIDE SUB-TITLE
Isaac Newton born in the year 1642 Daniel Bernoulli born in the year 1700
Newtons Laws of Motion Bernoulli’s Principal

8. SCOUTS BSA - AIRFOIL
Sir Isaac Newton’s Laws of Motion
SLIDE SUB-TITLE
If a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving
in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force. INITERTIA
The time rate of change of the momentum of a body is equal in both magnitude and direction to the
force imposed on it. The momentum of a body is equal to the product of its mass and its velocity.
ACCELERATION
When two bodies interact, they apply forces to one another that are equal in magnitude and opposite
in direction. REACTION

9. SLIDE SUB-TITLESCOUTS BSA – Wright brothers applied newton’s law to the Wright Flier

10. SCOUTS BSA - AIRFOIL
Bernoulli’s principal
SLIDE SUB-TITLE
1. States that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static
pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.

11. SCOUTS BSA - AIRFOIL
Bernoulli’s principal
SLIDE SUB-TITLE
Lets demonstrate
Bernoulli’s principal
right now. You will need 2 pieces
of paper and a straw

12. SCOUTS BSA - AIRFOIL
SUMMARY of how an AIRFOIL produces lift
SLIDE SUB-TITLE
Newton’s third law (ACTION and REACTION) tells us how LIFT and PROPULSION of airplanes are
produced.
Bernoulli discovered that when velocity of a fluid (AIR) is increase at a particular point , the pressure of
the fluid at that particular pint decreases.

13. SCOUTS BSA - AIRFOIL
Aircraft stability, Center of Lift, Center of Gravity and Tail plane force
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

14. SCOUTS BSA - AIRFOIL SLIDE SUB-TITLE
In the Google classroom there is a great YouTube video
where a professor explains the finer points and discusses
common misconceptions about how flight works.
This is a higher level of explanation
Remember, Flight is really complicated!
But these basic principals do apply

15. 1. Do the following:
a. Define “aircraft.” Describe some kinds and uses of aircraft today. Explain the
operation of piston, turboprop, and jet engines.
b. Point out on a model airplane the forces that act on an airplane in flight.
c. Explain how an airfoil generates lift, how the primary control surfaces (ailerons,
elevators, and rudder) affect the airplane’s attitude, and how a propeller
produces thrust.
AVIATION MERIT BADGE- REQUIRMENTS SLIDE SUB-TITLE

16. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- AIRCRAFT
OVERVIEW
SLIDE SUB-TITLE
RUDDER
ELEVATOR
PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES
AILERON

17. SCOUTS BSA - Aerodynamics SLIDE SUB-TITLE
In flight an aircraft is free to rotate in three dimensions
Roll - AILERON– Bank left or right – Longitudinal Axis
Pitch – ELEVATOR – Nose up or down – Lateral Axis
Yaw – RUDDER – Nose left or right - Vertical Axis

18. SCOUTS BSA - Aerodynamics SLIDE SUB-TITLE
COCKPIT DUAL
FLIGHT CONTROLS
Control Yoke
• Ailerons
• Elevator
Rudder Pedals
• Rudder & Steering
• Brakes

19. SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS -
AILERONS
AILERONS – ROLL - CONTROL OF THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS
• XXXXXX
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

20. SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS -
ELEVATORS
ELEVATORS – PITCH - CONTROL OF THE LATERIAL AXIS
• XXXXXX
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

21. SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS -
ELEVATORS
RUDDER – YAW - CONTROL OF THE VERTICAL AXIS
• XXXXXX
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

22. 1. Do the following:
a. Define “aircraft.” Describe some kinds and uses of aircraft today. Explain the
operation of piston, turboprop, and jet engines.
b. Point out on a model airplane the forces that act on an airplane in flight.
c. Explain how an airfoil generates lift, how the primary control surfaces (ailerons,
elevators, and rudder) affect the airplane’s attitude, and how a propeller
produces thrust.
AVIATION MERIT BADGE- REQUIRMENTS SLIDE SUB-TITLE

23. SCOUTS BSA – PROPELLER BASICS
How does a Propeller produce thrust?
• Propellers can be typically designed with 2 to 8 blades
• They are designed to be and act as an airfoil. A rotating wing.
• They create forces of thrust to pull or push the airplane through the air.
• They are mounted directly onto the engine crack shaft or to a gear housing shaft.
SLIDE SUB-TITLE
Which way does a
propeller spin?

24. SCOUTS BSA - PROPELLER
NOMINCLARTURE
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

25. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- REQUIRMENTS
1. Do the following:
a. Define “aircraft.” Describe some kinds and uses of aircraft today. Explain the
operation of piston, turboprop, and jet engines.
b. Point out on a model airplane the forces that act on an airplane in flight.
c. Explain how an airfoil generates lift, how the primary control surfaces (ailerons,
elevators, and rudder) affect the airplane’s attitude, and how a propeller
produces thrust.
d. Demonstrate how the control surfaces of an airplane are used for takeoff,
straight climb, level turn, climbing turn, descending turn, straight descent, and
landing.
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

26. SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS REVIEW SLIDE SUB-TITLE
COCKPIT FLIGHT CONTROLS
Control Yoke
• Ailerons
• Elevator
Rudder Pedals
• Rudder & Steering
• Brakes

27. SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS CHECK SLIDE SUB-TITLE

28. SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS -
AILERONS
AILERONS – ROLL - CONTROL OF THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

29. SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS -
ELEVATORS
ELEVATORS – PITCH - CONTROL OF THE LATERIAL AXIS
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

30. SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS -
ELEVATORS
RUDDER – YAW - CONTROL OF THE VERTICAL AXIS
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

31. SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS -
TAKEOFF
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

32. SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS – STRAIGHT
CLIMB
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

33. SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS – LEVEL TURN SLIDE SUB-TITLE

34. SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS – CLIMBING
TURN
SLIDE SUB-TITLE

35. SLIDE SUB-TITLE
SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS – STRAIGHT
DESCENT

36. SLIDE SUB-TITLE
SCOUTS BSA – FLIGHT CONTROLS – DESCENDING
TURN