Boy Scouts of America - Aviation Merit Badge. This was virtual online merit badge course intended to be mostly instructor lead in an effort educate and entertain the scouts during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Typically scouts would be accomplishing the requirements on their own with minimal instruction from the merit badge councilor Part 1 of a 5 day course.

1. Welcome to
SUMMER CAMP IN A BOX
Virtual Merit Badge
AVIATION

2. AVIATION
Merit Badge
Enhancing our youths’ competitive edge through merit badges

3. SCOUTS BSA – AVIATION MERIT BADGE
Your Merit Badge Counselor
Joseph Bernard Murphy – “MURF”
• Unit Commissioner - Hudson Valley Council, Heritage District
• Committee Member - Pack Unit #4006
• Arline Transport Pilot
• Mechanic - Airframe and Power Plant
• Certified Flight Instructor, CFI. CFII
• Training Manager and Instructor - CAE Business Aviation Training
• FAA Designee - Training Center Evaluator
• EASA - Synthetic Flight Instructor and Examiner
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Scouts, Orville and his little buddy Wilbur

4. SCOUTS BSA – AVIATION MERIT BADGE
Recommended Merit Badge Process
1. The Scout develops an interest in a merit badge and may begin working on the requirements.
2. The Scout and unit leader discuss the Scout’s interest in the merit badge.
3. The unit leader signs a blue card and provides the Scout with at least one counselor contact.
4. The Scout contacts the counselor.
5. The counselor considers any work toward requirements completed prior to the initial discussion with the unit leader.
6. The Scout, the Scout’s buddy, and the counselor meet (often several times).
7. The Scout finishes the requirements.
8. The counselor approves completion.
9. The Scout returns the signed blue card to the unit leader, who signs the applicant record section of the blue card.
10. The unit leader gives the Scout the applicant record.
11. The unit reports completion of the merit badge.
12. The Scout receives the merit badge.
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Hey, we may need to complete this
virtually in Scoutbook!

5. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- COURSE OUTLINE SLIDE SUB-TITLE
Indicates that the requirement will be covered and satisfied in this course.
Indicates that the requirement is covered both in the course and also has a
homework/research/reporting aspect for the requirement.
5 day course during your week at Camp Bullowa
• Meet daily at 1400 local time (2 pm).
• All requirements will be submitted to the MB counselor via the MB WORKSHEET
• This course will allow for the completion of all of the Merit Badge requirements with the
exception of 5 individual requirements which will only be partially completed.
• The remaining completion requirements will require your own work and or research.
• You will be provided the electronic BSA Blue Card in Scout Book or mailed a Blue card.
• You will have an additional 4 weeks to complete the Merit Badge requirements and submit
the MB WORKSHEET.

6. SLIDE SUB-TITLE
Everyone should completely fill out the Aviation
work sheet in the google classroom
There are three modifications required of the merit badge requirements due to this
course being virtual.
These modifications are depicted below and can be found in the google classroom.

7. 1. Do the following:
a. Define “aircraft.” Describe some kinds and uses of aircraft today. Explain the
operation of piston, turboprop, and jet engines.
b. Point out on a model (virtual) airplane the forces that act on an airplane in flight.
c. Explain how an airfoil generates lift, how the primary control surfaces (ailerons,
elevators, and rudder) affect the airplane’s attitude, and how a propeller
produces thrust.
d. Demonstrate how the control surfaces of an airplane are used for takeoff,
straight climb, level turn, climbing turn, descending turn, straight descent, and
landing.
e. Explain the following: the sport pilot, the recreational pilot, and the private pilot
certificates; the instrument rating.
AVIATION MERIT BADGE- REQUIRMENTS SLIDE SUB-TITLE

8. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- REQUIRMENTS
2. Do TWO of the following:
a. Take a flight in an aircraft, with your parent’s permission. Record the date, place, type of aircraft,
and duration of flight, and report on your impressions of the flight.
b. Under supervision, perform a preflight inspection of a light airplane.
c. Obtain and learn how to read an aeronautical chart. Measure a true course on the chart. Correct
it for magnetic variation, compass deviation, and wind drift to determine a compass heading.
d. Using one of many flight simulator software packages available for computers, “fly” the course
and heading you established in requirement 2c or another course you have plotted.
e. Explain the purposes and functions of the various instruments found in a typical single-engine
aircraft: attitude indicator, heading indicator, altimeter, airspeed indicator, turn and bank
indicator, vertical speed indicator, compass, navigation (GPS and VOR) and communication
radios, tachometer, oil pressure gauge, and oil temperature gauge.
f. Create an original poster of an aircraft instrument panel. Include and identify the instruments
and radios discussed in requirement 2e.
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9. 3. Do ONE of the following:
a. Build and fly a fuel-driven or battery-powered electric model airplane. Describe safety
rules for building and flying model airplanes. Tell safety rules for use of glue, paint, dope,
plastics, fuel, and battery pack.
b. Build a model FPG-9. Get others in your troop or patrol (Family during pandemic) to
make their own model, then organize a competition to test the precision of flight and
landing of the models.
AVIATION MERIT BADGE- REQUIRMENTS SLIDE SUB-TITLE

10. 4. Do ONE of the following:
a. Visit an airport. After the visit, report on how the facilities are used, how runways are numbered,
and how runways are determined to be “active.”
b. Visit a Federal Aviation Administration facility—a control tower, terminal radar control facility, air
route traffic control center, or Flight Standards District Office. (Phone directory listings are under
U.S. Government Offices, Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration. Call in
advance.) Report on the operation and your impressions of the facility
c. Visit an aviation museum or attend an air show. Report on your impressions of the museum or
show.
AVIATION MERIT BADGE- REQUIRMENTS SLIDE SUB-TITLE
Virtual online tour and
report will satisfy this
requirement.

11. 5. Do:
Find out about three career opportunities in aviation. Pick one and find out the education, training,
and experience required for this profession. Discuss this with your counselor, and explain why this
profession might interest you.
AVIATION MERIT BADGE- REQUIRMENTS SLIDE SUB-TITLE
A report/essay will satisfy this requirement.
Mr. Murphy will follow up with you via email
and will welcome further discussions on your
possible interest in the field of aviation.

12. AVIATION Merit Badge
Day 1
Merit Badge Counselor – JB Murphy – “MURF”

13. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- REQUIRMENTS
1. Do the following:
a. Define “aircraft.” Describe some kinds and uses of aircraft today. Explain the
operation of piston, turboprop, and jet engines.
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14. SCOUTS BSA – AIRCRAFT DEFINITION
• An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air.
It counters the force of gravity by using either
• static lift or
• by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil,
• or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines.
• Common examples of aircraft include airplanes, helicopters, airships, gliders, paramotors and
hot air balloons.
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15. SCOUTS BSA - AIRCRAFT
AIRCRAFT USES/APPLICATIONS - MILITARY
• Aerial Warfare
• Airlift (Air Cargo, Logistical Supply)
• Military aircraft include:
• Bombers
• Fighters
• Transport ( Troop, Personal, supplies and other vehicles (Logistic Supply) and
Aerial Refueling)
• Training Aircraft
• Reconnaissance Aircraft.
Hey Mr. Murphy you forgot one.
Space Force

16. SCOUTS BSA - AIRCRAFT
AIRCRAFT USES/APPLICATIONS –
CIVILIAN
• Scheduled Air Transportation – Passenger and Cargo
• General Aviation (Private and Commercial)
• Private Aviation
• Personal flying for own purposes
(recreation, business meetings, etc.)
• Commercial Aviation
• Flying done for hire
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17. SCOUTS BSA - AIRCRAFT
AIRCRAFT USES/APPLICATIONS
• Applications of aircraft general uses
• Medical Transport / Air Ambulance
• Weather Observation
• Flight Training
• Crop Dusting
• Insect Control
• Police Surveillance
• Fire Fighting
• Aerial Photography
• Aerial Surveying
• Parachuting
• Entertainment
• And much more…
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18. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- REQUIRMENTS
1. Do the following:
a. Define “aircraft.” Describe some kinds and uses of aircraft today. Explain the
operation of piston, turboprop, and jet engines.
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19. SCOUTS BSA – ENGINE TYPES
How does an 4 stroke Piston Engine work?
1) INTAKE STROKE
-Air and Fuel enter the engine cylinder
2) COMPRESSION STROKE
-Air/Fuel mixture is compressed by the piston in the cylinder
IGINITION
-Air/fuel mixture is ignited by an electrical arc from a spark plug
3) POWER (EXPANSION) STROKE
-High pressure created from the ignition and then expansion of the
fuel/air mixture. Thus pushing the piston and powering the crank shaft
4) EXHAUST STROKE
-Exhaust gases are expelled from with in the cylinder and the process then starts again
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20. PISTON Engine Examples
• Straight or Inline
• Rotary
• V type
• Radial
• Horizontally opposed
SCOUTS BSA – ENGINE TYPES SLIDE SUB-TITLE

21. SCOUTS BSA – ENGINE TYPES
How does a Turbine /Jet engine work
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22. SCOUTS BSA – ENGINE TYPES
Gas Turbine Engine Types - Examples
• Turbine
• Turboprop
• Turboshaft
• Turbojet
• Turbofan
• Ram Compression
• Ram Jet, Turbo Ram Jet, Pulse Jet, Scram Jet
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23. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- AIRCRAFT
OVERVIEW
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Let’s review the parts of an
a typical general aviation
training airplane.
Cessna 172

24. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- AIRCRAFT
OVERVIEW
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FUSELAGE
Main CABIN DOOR - LEFT
FUSELAGE
FUSELAGEFUSELAGE
BAGGAGE DOOR
WINDOWS

25. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- AIRCRAFT
OVERVIEW
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HORIZONTAL
STABILIZER
RUDDER
ELEVATOR
EMPENNAGE SECTION – TAIL ASSEMBLY
VERTICAL STABILIZER

26. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- AIRCRAFT
OVERVIEW
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AILERON - LEFT
NAVIGATION LIGHT and STROBE
mounted on WING TIP
WING STRUT
LEFT WING ASSEMBLY
FLAP - LEFT
WING – LEADING EDGE
WING – TRAILING EDGE
PITOT PROBE
TAXI and LANDING LIGHT
WING
STATIC WICK

27. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- AIRCRAFT
OVERVIEW
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ENGINE EXHAUST
AIRCRAFT NOSE (FRONT)
ENGINE COWLING
INLET
ENGINE COWLING – UPPER and LOWER
WINDSCREEN
PROPELLER and SPINNER
AIRFILTER and INTAKE
STATIC PORT
ENGINE COWL EXHAUST or SHROUD

28. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- AIRCRAFT
OVERVIEW
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MAIN GEAR - LEFT
TAIL TIE DOWN HOOK
NOSE WHEEL
ANTENNA
UNDERCARRIAGE
NOSE WHEEL STRUT MAIN LANDING GEAR STRUT - LEFT
WING TIE DOWN HOOK - LEFT

29. AVIATION MERIT BADGE- REQUIRMENTS
1. Do the following:
a. Define “aircraft.” Describe some kinds and uses of aircraft today. Explain the
operation of piston, turboprop, and jet engines.
b. Point out on a model airplane the forces that act on an airplane in flight.
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30. SCOUTS BSA - Aerodynamics
There are Four Forces Acting on an Aircraft
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31. SCOUTS BSA - Aerodynamics SLIDE SUB-TITLE
In flight an aircraft is free to rotate in three dimensions
Roll - AILERON– Bank left or right – Longitudinal Axis
Pitch – ELEVATOR – Nose up or down – Lateral Axis
Yaw – RUDDER – Nose left or right - Vertical Axis

32. SCOUTS BSA - Aerodynamics SLIDE SUB-TITLE
There are Four Forces Acting on an Aircraft
• Thrust—the forward force produced by the powerplant/propeller or rotor. It opposes or overcomes the
force of drag. As a general rule, it acts parallel to the longitudinal axis.

33. SCOUTS BSA - Aerodynamics SLIDE SUB-TITLE
There are Four Forces Acting on an Aircraft
• Drag—a rearward, retarding force caused by disruption of airflow by the wing, rotor, fuselage, and other
protruding objects. As a general rule, drag opposes thrust and acts rearward parallel to the relative wind.

34. SCOUTS BSA - Aerodynamics SLIDE SUB-TITLE
There are Four Forces Acting on an Aircraft
• Lift—is a force that is produced by the dynamic effect of the air acting on the airfoil, and acts perpendicular
to the flight path through the center of lift (CL) and perpendicular to the lateral axis. In level flight, lift
opposes the downward force of weight.

35. SCOUTS BSA - Aerodynamics SLIDE SUB-TITLE
There are Four Forces Acting on an Aircraft
• Weight—the combined load of the aircraft itself, the crew, the fuel, and the cargo or baggage.
Weight is a force that pulls the aircraft downward because of the force of gravity. It opposes lift and acts
vertically downward through the aircraft’s center of gravity (CG).

36. SLIDE SUB-TITLE
W
E
I
G
H
T
SCOUTS BSA – AIRCRAFT ACCELERATING – LEVEL FLIGHT
L
I
F
T
DRAGTHRUST
In level flight the opposing forces are equal to each other.

37. SLIDE SUB-TITLE
L
I
F
T
DRAG
W
E
I
G
H
T
THRUST
When an aircraft reaches
the critical angle of attack
the air no longer flows
closely over the wing.
It then STALLS!
SCOUTS BSA – AIRCRAFT DECELLERATING – LEVEL
FLIGHT

38. SLIDE SUB-TITLESCOUTS BSA – STALL

39. SCOUTS BSA - Aerodynamics SLIDE SUB-TITLE
In level flight the opposing forces are equal to each other.
In a bank (turn) lift becomes vectored perpendicular of the wing so in order to compensate we must create more lift so that the
vertical component of lift will oppose Weight (gravity). This creates G forces.

40. SCOUTS BSA - Aerodynamics SLIDE SUB-TITLE
Did you know that only 2
of the 4 forces apply in
space?
Which ones?
A spacecraft has WEIGHT, even in orbit, and uses
THRUST to reach space and to maneuver.
But lift and drag—both created by movement through
air—are absent in the near vacuum of space