1. Cockpit Automation:
Cartoons & Computers
In the beginning there was automation . . .
In the end there are traps!
Vancouver, BC
2. Goal
• For each participant to be smarter about
Human Factors issues including Fatigue
• Be more aware of available resources for
training requirements
• What can you do about training
5. AvWeek Nov 3, 2014
• “You have to switch to a
different part of your brain
to figure it out . . . You have
to start using the CPU as
opposed to the GPU
[graphics processing unit].”
• Sandy Wyatt
– Honeywell Test Pilot
13. Pilot Shortage
• World needs 500,000 in the next 20 years
• Asia needs 200,000 pilots in the next 20 years
• 40% of worlds total pilots
• USA needs 20,000 pilots in in the next 7 years
– 18,000 pilot in US Regional Airlines
• Zenon Aviation Recruitment
– 22% increase in recruiting for type rated crews
from 2013-2014
14. Pilot Shortage Issues
• Age 65 rule
• Regional Airlines $20K => $30K signing bonuses &
retention pay
• Regional pilot debt => $100K
• 3 years to get 1500 hours
• NAA Citizenship rules for pilot certificate
15. FAA Simulation Training Rule
• Direct Final Rule with comment
• Advanced Aviation Training Device
– 20 hours toward Instrument Rating
• Basic Aviation Training Device
– 10 hours toward Instrument Rating
• Rule Withdrawn
16. OGP Landscape
• 8,000 offshore production sites
• >600 exploratory drilling rigs
• 1700 helicopters
• 60% of the money in helicopters is OGP
• Large helicopter orders have not slowed
• SAR commercialization
17. HeliOffshore
• Automation
• Pilot monitoring
• Stabilised approaches
• Accident survivability
• Application of health and usage monitoring
systems (HUMS)
• Information exchange
18. U.S. Bureau of Safety &
Environmental Enforcement
• Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
• Data Reporting
• Design Standards for platforms
• Fuel quality and refueling
• Deck markings
20. Reality Check
• Boomers:
– 1946 – 1964
• Generation X:
– early 1960’s to early 1980’s
• Generation Y or Millennial ’s:
– 1980 – 2000
• What is your crew demographic???
22. Worldwide Video Game Market
Source: Gartner
Segment 2012 2013 2014 2015
Game Consoles 37,400 44,288 49,375 55,049
Handheld Games 17,756 18,064 15,079 12,399
Mobile Games 9,280 13,208 17,146 22,009
PC Games 14,437 17,722 20,015 21,601
TOTALS 78,872 93,282 101,615 111,057
In Million of Dollars ($)
35. 4. Transition to Digital Cockpit
• The switch from an analogue cockpit to a glass/digital
cockpit with last generation of AFCS and the Helionix
avionic suite, will represent a challenge and imply specific
training requirements. To support the acquisition of the
identified skills linked to the effective use of such systems,
training must be adapted with additional sessions to
consolidate:
• “Hands-off” piloting into flying manoeuvres that are
performed “hands-on” on other helicopter types
• Scanning techniques and situational awareness adapted to
digital display design and multiple information versus
analogue cockpits
• Crew workload assessment to tackle the risk for a pilot to
be overwhelmed by the availability of data and information
44. Fatigue
• ICAO Annex 6, para 4.10
– Attachment A
– Appendix 8
• 14 CFR part 117 FLIGHT AND DUTY
LIMITATIONS AND REST REQUIREMENTS:
FLIGHTCREW MEMBERS
• FSF & NBAA Duty/Rest Guidelines for Business
Aviation
45. Fatigue –
One hour Circadian Disruption
• Canadian MTC VEHICLE ACCIDENT RECORDS
• Monday after spring time change, (1 hr
advance) traffic accidents up 7%
• Monday after fall time change, (1 hr back)
traffic accidents down 7%
• Saskatchewan has no time changes and no
changes in accident rates
46. Fatigue
• Landed at Davis Island not McDill AFB
– 3500 ft GA uncontrolled airport
• Rome to Kabul – CXL
• To Andrews AFB – CXL
• To McDill AFB Tampa FL
47.
48. Fatigue
• Both Runways are 22
• 4-Star General on Board
• Physically – pilots were
physiologically “legally”
impaired
55. B200GT Pro Line 21 Training
Provider Duration
Rockwell Collins eLearning 6 hours
CAE/FlightSafety 18 hours
SimCon 16 hours
US Department of Defense
(FlightSafety-Dothan AL)
40 hours
All Simulator flights in B300/350
60. What’s Next?
• Operational Task Survey
• Task Analysis
– Planning, preflight, Taxi, Before Take Off, Take Off,
Climb, Level off, enroute, pre-decent, decent,
before landing, Landing, Taxi, Parking, Shutdown,
post-flight
– Task – Condition - Standard
61. HF Task Survey
Event /
Task Des.
Operator Type Duration Display /
Alert
Control Other info
Required
Listen to
ATIS
Both Discrete 5-10 s VHF Radio Copy data
Listen to
all ATC
Radio calls
Both Continuous Headset VHF Radio
Change
Radio
Freq
Either Discrete 5 s VHF Freq
Display
VHF
Control
head
Passenger
Safety
Briefing
Either Discrete 4 m Passenger
Call
Audio
Panel
Passenger
Briefing
Card
Observe
Altimeter
Setting
Both Discrete 0.5 s Pilot
display
unit
Correct
setting
62. Task Analysis
• Task
– Perform Hovering flight
• Condition
– In a helicopter with the aircraft cleared
• Standard
– Perform a smooth controlled ascent to hover
– Perform smooth descent to touchdown w/no drift
• Aircrew Training Manuals
63. What’s next?
• Compare Task Analysis against:
– FSB & FOEB Reports
– Current training standards
– [Master] Minimum Equipment List
– Standard Formats
– Location of Displays
– De-Clutter
– Sensory Inputs (Wx, TCAS, ATC, HTAWS)
64. Task Training Analysis
• What training gaps exist?
• What training needs update?
• What training is non-value added?
• What new skills are needed?
• Instructor skills?
• Revamp/Edit training as needed.
65. Review of our Goal
• For each participant to be smarter about
Human Factors issues including Fatigue
• Be more aware of available resources for
training requirements
• What can you do about training
