Ethics in conducting qualitative research

1. ETHICS OF
RESEARCH

2. ETHICS
Ethics generally is considered to deal with beliefs about what is
right or wrong, proper or improper, good or bad.
According to a dictionary definition (Webster‘s 1968), to be
ethical is to conform to accepted professional practice.
Ethics should be applied in all stages of research from planning,
to gathering of data, to the analysis and interpretation and
evaluation (oral examination) of the research.

3.  Research ethics provides
guidelines for the responsible
conduct of research. In addition,
it educates and monitors
scientists conducting research
to ensure a high ethical
standard.

4. THE FOLLOWING IS A GENERAL SUMMARY OF SOME
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES:

5. HONESTY:
Honestly report data,
results, methods and
procedures, and publication
status.
Do not fabricate, falsify, or
misrepresent data.

6. OBJECTIVITY:
Strive to avoid bias in
experimental design, data
analysis, data
interpretation, peer review,
personnel decisions, grant
writing, expert testimony,
and other aspects of
research.

7. INTEGRITY:
Keep your promises and agreements; act
with sincerity; strive for consistency of
thought and action.

8. CAREFULNESS:
 Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and
critically examine your own work and the work of
your peers. Keep good records of research activities.

9. OPENNESS:
 Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources.
 Be open to criticism and new ideas.

10. RESPECT FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY:
 Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of
intellectual property.
 Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results
without permission.
 Give credit where credit is due.
 Never plagiarize.

11.  The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines or
R.A. 8293 contains provisions regarding published
works and copyright ownership.
 The term “published works” means works which,
with the consent of the authors, are made available
to the public in such a way that these works can be
sourced from a place and time individually chosen
by them.

12. CONFIDENTIALITY:
 Protect confidential communications, such as
papers or grants submitted for publication,
personnel records, trade or military secrets, and
patient records.

13. RESPONSIBLE PUBLICATION:
 Publish in order to advance research and
scholarship, not to advance just your own career.
 Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.

14. RESPONSIBLE MENTORING:
 Help to educate, mentor, and advise students or
readers.
 Promote their welfare and allow them to

15. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY:
 Strive to promote social good and prevent or
mitigate social harms through research, public
education, and advocacy.

16. NON-DISCRIMINATION:
 Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students
on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors
that are not related to their scientific competence
and integrity.

17. COMPETENCE:
 Maintain and improve your own professional
competence and expertise through lifelong
education and learning;
 take steps to promote competence in science as a
whole.

18. LEGALITY:
 Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and
governmental policies.

19. ANIMAL CARE:
 Show proper respect and care for animals when
using them in research.
 Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed
animal experiments.

20. HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTION:
 When conducting research on human subjects,
minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits;
respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy.

21. RESEARCH MISCONDUCTS

22. FABRICATION
 making up data or results and recording or
reporting them.

23. FALSIFICATION
 - manipulating research materials or changing or
omitting data or results such that the research is
not accurately represented in the research record.

24. PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism - the
appropriation of
another person's ideas,
processes, results, or
words without giving
appropriate credit.

25.  Research misconduct does not include honest error
or differences of opinion.

26. COMPARISON BETWEEN
QUALITATIVE AND
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

29. ASSIGNMENT
 Directions: On a white cartolina, draw an object
which you think best describe/represent the two
research designs you’ve learned – Qualitative and
Quantitative.
 You may use coloring materials to highlight certain
aspects of your illustration.