Practical Research 1

1. BULIHAN
RATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Data Collection
and Analysis
Procedures
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WEEK 6
QUARTER 4
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

2. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
At the end of the lesson, you are
expected to
1. identify different types of data collection
and analysis procedures;
2. prepare research instrument appropriate
for research;
3. appreciate the importance of research in
daily life.
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3. BULIHAN
RATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Photo Analysis
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Can you share something about
what you can see in the photo?

4. BULIHAN
RATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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5. BULIHAN
RATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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6. BULIHAN
RATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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7. BULIHAN
RATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
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8. BULIHAN
RATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
DATA ANALYSIS IN
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
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9. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Data Analysis
•Data analysis is a process of understanding
data or known facts or assumptions serving as
the basis of any claims or conclusions about
something.
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10. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Data Analysis
• Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) is the range of
processes and procedures whereby we move from the
qualitative data that have been collected into some
form of explanation, understanding or interpretation
of people and situations we are investigating.
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11. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
What is Inference?
•Inference is using observation and background
to reach a logical conclusion.
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12. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
What are Patterns and Themes
from Data?
•Pattern is a repeated form or design especially
that is used to decorate something
•It is something happens in a regular or
repeated way.
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13. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
What are Patterns and Themes
from Data?
• Theme. It is generated when similar issues and ideas
expressed by participants within qualitative data are
brought together by the researcher into a single
category or cluster.
• This ‘theme’ may be labeled by a word or expression
taken directly from a data or by one created by the
researcher because it seems to best characterize the
essence of what is being said.
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14. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Techniques to Identify Themes in
Qualitative Data
• Word Repetitions. If you want to understand what
people are talking about, look at the words they use.
Word repetitions can be analyzed formally and
informally. In informal mode, investigators simply read
the text and note words or synonyms that people use a
lot. A more formal analysis of word frequencies can be
done by generating a list of all the unique words in a
text and counting the number of times it occurs.
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15. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Techniques to Identify Themes in
Qualitative Data
• Indigenous categories. Another way to find themes is
to look for local terms that may sound unfamiliar or are
used in unfamiliar ways. Patton (1990:306, 393-400)
refers to these as indigenous categories and contrasts
them with “analyst-constructed typologies”
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16. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Techniques to Identify Themes in
Qualitative Data
• Key words in context (KWIC). It is based on a simple
observation; if you want to understand a concept, then
look at how it is used. In this technique, researchers
identify key words and then systematically search the
corpus of text to find all instances of the word or phrase.
Each time they find a word, they make a copy of it and
its immediate context. Themes get identified by
physically sorting the examples into piles of similar
meaning.
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17. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Techniques to Identify Themes in
Qualitative Data
• Compare and contrast. The compare and contrast
approach is based on the idea that themes represent the
ways in which texts are either similar or different from
each other. Glazer and Strauss (1967: 101-116) refer to
this as the “constant comparison method”.
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18. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Techniques to Identify Themes in
Qualitative Data
• Social Science Queries. Researchers are interested in
understanding how textual data illuminate questions of
importance to social science. Spradley (1979:199-201)
suggested searching interviews for evidence of social
conflict, cultural contradictions, informal methods of
social control, things that people do in managing
impersonal social relationships, methods by which
people acquire and maintain achieved and ascribed
status and information on how people solve problems.
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19. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Techniques to Identify Themes in
Qualitative Data
• Social Science Queries. Researchers are interested in
understanding how textual data illuminate questions of
importance to social science. Spradley (1979:199-201)
suggested searching interviews for evidence of social
conflict, cultural contradictions, informal methods of
social control, things that people do in managing
impersonal social relationships, methods by which
people acquire and maintain achieved and ascribed
status and information on how people solve problems.
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20. SAMA-SAMA SA PAG SULONG
NG Edu KALDIDAD
BULIHAN
INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
What is Thematic Analysis?
A method for identifying, analyzing and
reporting patterns within data.
(Braun and Clarke, 2006)
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