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Copyreading
and
Headlining
Resource Person
JOJI UBALDO CABATIC
Tarlac Agricultural University
basyo1981@gmail.com
“The BEST WRITERS
are made by
the BEST
COPYREADERS.”
• Reading the copy
Copyreading
Material for a newspaper or magazine article;
the text as written by the author
• The art of arranging, correcting and
selecting the quality and type of news
• It includes checking the correctness of
grammar and syntax (form) and checking
the accuracy and relevance of data and
analysis (content);
• This is giving the final touch to an article
before it goes to the printer.
“Copy reading is mostly referred
to as ‘copy editing.’ It's basically
the process of reading over
something, correcting any error
and ‘spicing’ it up to make it more
appealing to the reader.”
Importance of Copyreading
Importance of Copyreading
• When copyreading is not done to a
campus publication, everyone suffers: the
readers, the authors, the publications, and
the institutions the publication represents.
• Poorly edited article can ruin an otherwise
clear writing, resulting in the journalist’s failure
to communicate his ideas to his readers.
•Unedited campus publication sets bad example to
students.
• Sloppily edited publications will eventually lose the
trust of readers and destroy the reputation of the
publication.
• A campus publication represents an
educational institution, which is in the
business of learning. It gets disseminated
not only to the students but to parents as
well, and the community. Campus papers,
therefore, should raise the bar on the good
use of language and good writing.
• Well-copyedited campus paper reflects well not
only on the student writer but on the school
itself as an academic institution.
He/She must:
• have a good command of the
language (English/ Filipino);
• have a passion for and working
knowledge of rules in grammar;
• have a wide vocabulary
• be observant of the details (spelling,
correct usage)
The Copyreader
• know the paper’s policy
• know the paper’s stylebook;
.
• have a in-dept knowledge of
copyreading symbols
• be well-read and have a highly
developed sense of news.
• A love of good writing and the ability
to see the potential in a piece, the
skill to help bring it out—or the good
sense to know when to leave it
alone.
• Skepticism that raises doubt in
everything and fortitude to check it.
.
• Self-confidence to know how to
improve even a veteran reporter’s
copy
• knowledge of journalistic conventions
•Ability to recall style and
copyreading rules
He/She
• edits errors on grammar and
mechanics
• edits errors of fact (accuracy
check)
• edits verbose copy
• deletes opinion or slant and
libelous statement
What does a Copyreader do?
.• writes the headline
• abides by the ABC principles
of the paper
• makes sure articles follow the
newspaper style
- ccuracy and Fairness
- revity and Conciseness
- larity and Consistency
Next page More (Eng); Pa (Filipino)
End 30 or #
• Content
– See to it that all entries are factual
– Accurate
– Free from libelous and derogatory
statements; seditious and rebellious
matter; expressions contrary to law and
good taste; and opinion and editorializing
statements
• Brevity, Clarity and Coherence
– Keep the text simple by using simple
words instead of complex terms. Avoid
jargons. Keep It Short and Simple!
– Transition (each word/sentence logically
follows the previous or relate to it)
What to copyread?
• Grammar
– Subject-verb agreement
– Dangling Modifiers
Ex.: The lady wears a very expensive ring on her
index finger which she bought in Hongkong.
The lady wears a very expensive ring which she
bought in Hongkong on her index finger.
– Parallel construction
Ex.: The food served in the party, according to those
who did not suffer from diarrhea, was delicious and
full of nutritive value.
The food served in the party, according to those
who did not suffer from diarrhea, was delicious and
nutritious.
– Hanging participles
– Active and passive
– Misused prepositions
- Spelling (American vs. British, variants
- Number
- Punctuation
- Capitalization
- Abbreviation
- Symbols
- Common Inaccuracies
• Style
• Common Inaccuracies
– Editorializing (one’s own value judgment)
luckily mysterious
obviously perfectly
poignant positively
predictably radical
respected sadly
shocking spectacular
stunning successfully
tragic troubling
undoubtedly unique
unusual very
amazing astounding
awful bad
best bizarre
certainly complex
controversial crucial
definitely disturbing
dramatic effectively
evil exciting
fittingly good
grim honestly
important inevitable
• Common Inaccuracies
– Offensive languages/words
pedophile peeping Tom
racist rapist
robber sexist
sex offender sloppy
slut swindler
thief traitor
unchaste unethical
unwed mother unprofessi
addict adulterer
Alcoholic alleged/allegedly
bankrupt blackmail
cheater child abuser
Communist corrupt
crazy crook
dishonest drunk
ex-convict hypocrite
incompetent influence peddler
kept woman mentally ill
moron murderer
• Common Inaccuracies
– Sexist words/gender-biased words
BIASED BIASED Free
businessman entrepreneur
career woman professional
fireman firefighter
chairman chairperson
mankind people/humanity
manpower workers, work force
founding fathers pioneers
policeman police officer
salesman salesperson
repairman technician
mother tongue native language
mailman mail carrier
saleslady sales agent
• Common Inaccuracies
future plans
advance planning
armed gunmen
cancelled out
Advance prediction
Final conclusion
Other alternative
6 a.m. in the morning
Modern world of today
Spherical in shape
Blue in color
Heavy in weight
Sinampal sa mukha
Isinandal ang likod
Pasan sa balikat
Bumulusok pababa
Ibinaon pailalim
Redundancies (unnecessary repetition
of ideas)
• Common Inaccuracies
– Verbal Deadwood (useless phrasing)
WEAK BETTER
at this point in time now
at that point in time then
completely unnecessary unnecessary
complimentary free gift gift
cooperate together cooperate
due to the fact that because
electrocuted to death electrocuted
ahead of schedule early
adequate in number enough
a man by the name of man named
affixed his signature signed
aonstructed by wood wooden
called to a halt stopped
WEAK BETTER
for the reason that because
a large proportion many
at the present time now
at an early date soon
is of opinion that believes
in the neighborhood of near
after careful considerationafter considering
answered in the negative said no
at 4 a.m. this morning 4 a.m.
as in the case of like
in the event of in case
in spite of the fact although
draw attention of remind
tendered his resignation resigned
united in holy matrimony married
held a conference met
told his listeners said
avenues to explore ways
WEAK BETTER
conceptualize think
concept idea
by virtue of the fact that because
during the period from from
has the capability of can
he is the man who he
in the final analysis finally
economically advantaged poor
for the purpose of for/to
in case of if
in close proximity near
in regard to about
in the event that if
make inquiry regarding inquire
make mention of mention
oral conversations talks
true facts facts
terminated fired
• Copyreading Procedures
Whenever the copyreader sits
down to work, he/she has the
intention of making the copy free
of errors. It is the goal of
copyreader, therefore, to do
his/her work systematically and
efficiently. It would be good to
follow the following steps:
.• Read the whole article first to
determine what kind of story it is
and determine which is the lead
paragraph.
• Mark the copy with the necessary
paragraph beginnings, margins, and
end marks. Reread the article and
correct obvious errors in grammar,
spelling, punctuations and style using
copyreading symbols.
.•Reread the article and improve
the organization of the story, if
necessary. Make sure the lead
features the lead fact. Also,
remove all unnecessary and
irrelevant materials.
•Reread the article and thoroughly
edit/correct errors in grammar,
spelling, punctuation and style.
.
•If you believe that the copy is
already free of errors, write a
catchy and fitting headline for the
story.
•Give the printer’s direction and body
schedule. Encircle the slugline.
•Style
In journalism, it refers to the fact
that every time a certain term
appears in a newspaper, it is used
consistently in the same way
throughout the paper.
It covers the use of abbreviations,
titles, punctuations and how a
certain term is mentioned.
Basics of Newspaper Style
Numbers
Spell out:
•Whole numbers below 10
•Numerals that start a sentence.
Example: Twenty-seven detainees were
released yesterday.
•For large numbers use hyphen to connect
word ending in y to another word:
Example: twenty-one or seventy-six
thousand
Use figures:
•For 10 and above.
•For all dates, addresses, ages and
percentages (even less than 10), and
decimals.
•For events, 1st – 9th is allowed.
•For ALL numbers in the headline.
Places
•Abbreviate words street, avenue and
boulevard only after numbered
address.
•Never abbreviate drive, highway,
place, etc.
•Abbreviate compass directions in
numbered address.
Example: 50 S. Court St.,
South Court Street
Time
•Always use numerals without st, nd,
rd or th in dates.
•Avoid using yesterday, today and
tomorrow
story publication could be delayed
•When writing about events use
months and dates
Example: "April 30" and "June
5."
•When referring to a month, day and
year, set off year with commas.
Example: Aug. 20, 1964, was the
day they had all been waiting for.
•Never abbreviate months not
immediately precede a date
•Abbreviate only if month's name is six
letters or longer
Example: We got married in
September last year.
They were married
Aug. 6 last year and divorced March 5.
•Add an "s" to first year in the decade.
•Years are never spelled out.
•Even at beginning of sentence use
figure.
Example: In the 1960s, I did a lot
of things I don't remember.
1968 was a good year, I'm told.
•Recognize “8 p.m. tonight” is
redundant. Write 8 p.m. Monday.
•Use figures except for noon and
midnight
•Write time of day like this: 2:30 a.m.
or 8:45 p.m.
Capitalization
•Capitalize first and last word of title.
•Capitalize all words four letters or
longer.
•Do not capitalize articles "a," "an" and
"the” OR conjunctions or prepositions,
unless four letters or longer.
•Capitalize the in title if that is the way
publication prefers to be known.
Examples: The Elements of Style
Gone With the Wind
The Angler
•Capitalize formal titles before a name
do not separate title from name by a comma.
•Titles after a name or standing alone are ALMOST
NEVER capitalized
Examples: I saw President Obama.
He met Prince Charles.
Dr. Mojock, LSCC
president, attended the meeting.
Spelling
•In the Philippines, American English is
used, not British English.
Example: color not colour
•If a word has more than one accepted
spelling, the shorter one is preferred.
Example: enrol over enroll
judgment over judgement
Abbreviations
•A title or position of a person may be
abbreviated if it appears BEFORE the
name but not if simply used in the
sentence.
Example: Senator/Sen. Manlapaz
` opposed the new bill.
The Senator opposed
the new bill.
Acronyms
•Acronyms are usually written in capital
letters.
•Check if the letters of the acronym are in
the correct order
•When an acronym appears for the FIRST
time in a news story, it is written AFTER
ITS MEANING and it is enclosed in
parenthesis.
Example: Tarlac Agricultural
University (TAU)
Paragraph
•The first sentence of a paragraph is
indented. BUT the first paragraph of a
story is NOT INDENTED.
•In news stories, the rule is one paragraph,
one sentence only.
Lead/Lede
•There should be no names of unknown
persons in the lead.
•Check for buried leads.
•The standard lead answers the 5Ws and
1H.
Grammar
•Check errors in TENSES of Verb
•Check errors in Subject-Verb Agreement
•Check errors in Pronoun Antecedent
agreement
•Check errors in articles
Comma
•Do NOT put a comma BEFORE
conjunction in a simple series.
Example: John, Paul, George
and Ringo; red, white and blue.
Guide to
Punctuations
•Use a comma to set off a person's
hometown and age.
Example: Jane Doe, Framingham,
was absent.
Joe Blow, 34, was
arrested yesterday.
•Place a comma before and after
a year, if it follows a month and
date.
Example: I was born on
Nov. 6, 1958, in Madison, Wis.
•Place a comma before and after
an appositive (a word or phrase
that says same thing as a word or
phrase next to it)
Example: I saw my boss,
John Smith, in the hall. (My boss
and John Smith are identical.)
Use comma to separate facts
concerning victims and/or suspects
in an accident news.
Example: Joyce Macatangay,
19, of Calle Siyete, Quezon City.
•Do NOT use a comma to separate the
abbreviations Jr., Sr. or III from the name
Example: Rudy Ong Jr.
•Use comma to separate the street,
barangay, town and province in an
address
• (Filipino) Gumamit ng kuwit sa
paghihiwalay ng mga pananalitang
pasalungat na pinangungunahan
ng ngunit, datapuwat, hindi, atbp.
Halimbawa: Nakangiti siya,
ngunit hindi totoong masaya.
Colon
Capitalize first word after colon
only if it is a proper noun or start of
a complete sentence:
Example: He promised this:
The company will make good all
the losses.
But: There were three
considerations: expense, time and
feasibility.
• Colons go outside quotation
marks unless part of quoted
material.
• Use colons when presenting a series
of information and use semi-colon to
separate components of the series.
Example: Elected officers of the
RIANDES Tutoring Center are:
Rizalina Tablarin, President;
Odessa Tablarin, Vice
President;…
Hyphen
•Use a hyphen for compound
adjectives before the noun:
Example: well-known actor,
full-time job, 20-year sentence
•Do not use hyphen when compound
modifier occurs after verb:
Example: The actor was well
known. Her job became full time. He
was sentenced to 20 years.
•Gumamit ng gitling kapag ang
isang tanging ngalan ay
inuunlapian.
Example: Maka-Duterte
Mag-recite
I-salvage
•Gumamit ng gitling sa mga salitang
ang kayarian ay inuulit.
Period
•Use a double space after period
at end of sentence.
•Do not put space between initials:
C.S. Lewis; G.K. Chesterton
Quotation Marks
•Quote marks indicate exact
wording.
They tell reader, "This is exactly
what was said."
•Quote marks always appear outside
punctuation.
•Use quotation marks to set off an
alias or nickname
•DO NOT USE the quotation marks to set off
title of events, show, movies, books, etc.
Example: We watched The Little
Prince
BUT
We watched “Langitngit ng Papag.”
•When a full-sentence quotation is
introduced or followed by
attribution, place a comma
between them.
•Quotations that are questions only
need a question mark.
Example: “Did he really say
that?” he asked.
•In dialogue, each person’s words
are placed in a separate paragraph
with quotation marks.
Begin a new paragraph with each
speaker
•Use single marks for quotes within
quotes:
Example: She said, “He told
me, ‘I love you.’”
If a quote is more than 2 sentences
use a colon after attribution.
Examples:
I said: “Isn’t this great. . . It's
the state fair."
"What's going on?" he asked.
He said he felt "sicker than a
dead frog” after he drank too much
tequila.
• HEADLINE – an assemblage of
words written in bigger, bolder
letters than the usual page text
at the beginning of the news. It
provides the gist of the article.
• Attention-getter, capsule form of
the story
• It is NOT a title.
Headlining
to attract readers
to tell the story in a summary
add variety of type
identify the personality of the newspaper
index/grade the news
Functions of a Headline
The headline presents the news in capsule, thus
it is telegraphic.
It must contain the most important, the most
intriguing, the most unusual fact of the story.
It must be constructed as to catch the reader’s
attention and make him read the story.
Size and length of the headline must be
proportional to the length of the story and its
importance
The headline is based on the lead.
Qualities of a Good Headline
Flush Left (begin at left hand corner)
xxxxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXXX
2 sundalong bihag
pinalaya ng NPA
Flush right (begin at right hand corner)
xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx
Edukasyong pang-agham
isinusulong ng DepEd
Structures of Headline
Block (from margin to margin)
xxxxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
TAU pumasa sa 1st Surveillance audit;
nanatiling ISO 9001:2015 accredited
Crossline or bar line (one-line headline)
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Duterte, kinondena ng LGBTQ+ supporters
Drop Line (like a staircase)
xxxxxxxxxx
XXXXXXXXXX
Timpalak-kagandahan, kalinisan
ng barangay, inilunsad ng Anao-LGU
Hanging Indention (top line flush at right)
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx
Joma: Taguring terorista sa CPP-NPA
hadlang sa peace talks
Inverted Pyramid
xxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxx
Sen. Pimentel kakalas
sa oposisyon
 Read the story for general meaning.
(Basahin ang istorya upang makuha ang pangkalahatang
kaisipan.)
Search the key words on which to base your headline.
Clues are usually in the LEAD.
(Kunin ang mahahalagang salita upang gawing batayan
sa pag-uulo. Gawing sanggunian ang pamatnubay upang
makapamili ng mga salitang gagamitin sa pag-uulo.)
TIPS TO HEADLINE WRITERS
Don’t repeat key words in the same headline; don’t
repeat the exact wording of the story in the headline.
Avoid ambiguity, insinuations, and double meanings.
Use brief and shortest words possible.
(Gamitin sa pag-uulo ang pinakamaikling salitang
posibleng gamitin na naaayon sa kaisipan ng istorya.)
e.g. NO: Baby killed by rat attack
YES: Rat eats baby
Have a subject and a verb. (Use colorful nouns; vigorous
active verbs) Avoid starting with a verb, the headline
may sound as if it is giving orders.
(Lagyan ng simuno at pandiwa ang ulo ng balita, subalit
huwag magsimula sa pandiwa).
NOT: Revise money mart guidelines
BUT: CB revises money mart guidelines
 Use a comma instead of AND. (Gamitin ang kuwit (,) bilang
pamalit sa AT).
e.g. Duterte, Cayetano to attend Asean Summit
 Use semi-colon (;) for another idea. (Gumamit ng tuldokuwit
(;) para sa panibagong kaisipan.)
e.g. M-6.7 quake hits northeast Japan;
tsunami alert briefly issued
 Opt for the active voice.
e.g. WEAK: Debate team given top award
in district contest
BETTER: Debate team lords in district contest
 Use the down style – only the first word and proper nouns are
capitalized.
e.g. Aquino justifies appointment of Ochoa as PAOCC head
Use single quotes in headlines. (Gumamit ng isang
panipi lamang sa pag-uulo.)
e.g. Basketball team ‘brings home bacon’
No oil price hike – PNoy OR
PNoy: No oil price hike
If possible, do not repeat words in the headline from
the lead. Use the synonym of the verb.
Don’t leave preposition at the end of the line.
(Huwag magtapos sa pang-angkop, pantukoy o
pang-ugnay sa dulo ng linya)
WRONG: Mentors call for RIGHT: Mentors call
reform of schools for reform of schools
Use widely known abbreviations.
e.g. SC, DOJ, DepED, CHED, Phl
Be positive, don’t use negatives in headlines.
They weaken not only the headline but also the
story. (Iwasang gumamit ng negatibong
pandiwa.)
e.g. NOT: US doesn’t trust Peking-
Moscow
normalization overtures
BUT: US wary on Peking-Moscow
normalization overtures
Palarong Panlalawigan, ‘di matutuloy
Palarong Panlalawigan, kanselado
Use present tense for past stories
(use PAST TENSE of verb in FILIPINO)
Use the infinitive form of the verb for future events.
e.g. City Hall to push anti-squatting drive
Write numbers in figures (numeical form)
e.g. 7 of 10 Pinoys trust Noy – poll
Use kickers to attract attention.
e.g. Amid political controversy
Marcos tops presidential post
Do not use a period at the end of the headline.
Use the punctuation marks (especially the
exclamation point) sparingly.
Omit the helping verb if it is in the passive voice.
Only the past participle is retained
e.g. NOT: Drug pushers were nabbed
BUT: Drug pushers nabbed
Use the passive voice to emphasize the receiver of
an action rather than the performer of the action.
Use the passive voice to point out the receiver when
the performer is unknown or unimportant.
Do not use name of personalities unless
they are well known.
e.g. Obama, PNOy, Erap, GMA
If the person involved is not well known,
use a common noun/modifier instead.
e.g. WEAK: Santos wins lotto pot
BETTER: Ex-OFW wins lotto pot
Use specific terms instead of generalities.
e.g. NOT: TAU student killed
BUT: TAU student stabbed to death
Use subject-verb-object format
(commonly used)
Practice.
Practice.
Practice.
• Headline Vocabularies
1. attacks – hits
2. supports – backs
3. increase - hike
4. stops - nips
5. approval – nod
6. syndicate – gang
7 investigation – probe
8. disapprove – scrap, buck
9. ended - busted
10. approve – OKs
• Headline Vocabularies
11. charge - rap
12. sign - ink
13. question - grill
14. capture - net
15. disregard – rule out
16. dispute - row
17. strengthen – beef up
18. praise - laud
19. delay - snag
20. start - trigger
• Headline Vocabularies
21. student - stude
22. writer - scribe
23. agreement - pact
24. government – gov’t
25. councilor – dad
26. congressman/lawmaker - solon
27. decrease – dip
28. conference - confab
29. call - urge
30. attempt - bid
HEADLINE STYLES AND
TERMS
Downstyle refers to capitalization in headline writing
where heads are treated like sentences, with only the
first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
This is a downstyle head
Upstyle refers to capitalization in headline writing
where first letter of all major words in heads are treated
capitalized. All capitalized-letter heads are also called
upstyle.
This is an Upstyle Head
THIS IS ALSO AN UPSTYLE
HEAD
In headlines that are combinations of two or more
heads, the main head is usually the larger/largest in
font size. Main head tells the main point of the
headlines.
Deck or drop head/subhead is a small secondary head
that runs beneath the main head.
This is a mainThis is a deck beneath the main one
Hammer is a label head above the main head, typically
one to three words. Usually in bold type, hammers are
bigger than the main head.
Hammer
Here is the main head beneath the hammer
This is a kicker up here
Here is the main head
Kicker is a label head above a main head, typically up
to five words. Kicker is usually about half the point size
of the main head
Label head is a headline that has no verb. Often
focuses on a theme or mood, it is most often used
with feature and magazine stories.
Slug/Slugline is a short name or title—usually one
or two words—given to a story for quick and easy
identification in the newsroom.
Points refer to the font or type size (its height in
points measured from the bottom of a descender
like j to the top of an ascender like k). Headline
type typically ranges in size from 18 points to 72
points.
Columns are the vertical strips of text. The thin white
spaces between columns are called gutters.
Broadsheets carry 6-7 columns; tabloid and magazines, 4-5
columns
Headline count is the count or length in units of each line of
the head.
Headline order refers to request for a given size of headline.
It a three-number sequence that tells (1) how many columns
a headline should cover, (2) what point size it should be,
and (3) how many lines it should fill. Columns–Font Size–
Lines (e.g., 6-42-1: six columns wide, 42-point type size,
one line
Headline schedule is chart that allows one to translate a
headline order into a specific count. It tells how many
counts of a given point size can fit into a given column
width.
Headline Unit Counting
Width Letters, Figures, Marks
½ unit
Lowercase f, i, j, l, and t
Capital I and numerical figure 1
All punctuations except question mark and
dashes
1 unit All other lowercase letters except m and w
All other numbers
Question mark
Spaces between words
1½ units Lowercase m and w
All capital letters except I, M, and W
Dashes
Symbols such as ₽, $, %, and &
2 units Capitals M and W
Headline Schedule Chart
Font Size
1
Column
2
Columns
3
Columns
4
Columns
5
Columns
6
Columns
18 points 16 units 33 units
24 points 13 units 27 units 40 units
30 points
10.5
units
21.5
units
32 units 43 units
36 points 9 units
18.5
units
28 units 38 units
47.5
units
42 points 7.5 units
15.5
units
23.5
units
32 units 40 units 48 units
48 points
13.5
units
20.5
units
28 units 35 units
42.5
units
54 points 12 units 18 units
24.5
units
30.5
units
37 units
60 points 16 units
21.5
units
27.5
units
33 units
72 points 14 units
18.5
units
23 units 28 units
Direction to the Printer
TAU now ISO certified
3/54/CaMT-B/1
CL/DS
18 units
3 - Number of columns
54 - Font size
CaMT- Font
B - Font style
1 - Number of lines
C
L
- Head structure (Crossline)
D - Headline style (DownStyle)
The Tarlac Agricultural University (TAU) is now certified
by the International Organization of Standardization
(ISO) after Ms. Mary Glory Caunin, auditor of the
Russian Register, awarded the ISO 9001:2015 Quality
Management System (QMS) Certification to the TAU-
QMS Core Group headed by Dr. Tessie E. Navarro, the
vice president for Research, Extension and Training on
Feb. 9, 2018 at the TAU Agritourism Hostel Function
Hall.
1/9.8/CaMT-B
After receiving the ISO certification, Dr. Max P.
Guillermo, commended the QMS Core Group for
achieving another milestone for the University. He
added that earning this prestigious award does not
mean an end of a journey; instead, this signifies the
continuous challenge in sustaining excellence and
integrity in service they provide for their clientele and
stakeholders.
1/9.8/CaMT-N
Body Schedule
Line
Spacing
Font size
Font Bold
Normal
The Tarlac Agricultural University (TAU) is now certified
by the International Organization of Standardization
(ISO) after Ms. Mary Glory Caunin, auditor of the
Russian Register, awarded the ISO 9001:2015 Quality
Management System (QMS) Certification to the TAU-
QMS Core Group headed by Dr. Tessie E. Navarro, the
vice president for Research, Extension and Training on
Feb. 9, 2018 at the TAU Agritourism Hostel Function
Hall.
1/9.8/CaMT-B
Slug
Line
Spacing
Font Bold
TAU now ISO certified
3/54/CaMT-B/1
FL/DS
18 units
News
TAU DevUps
ISO
rc/2-9-2018
Story Type
Name of Paper
Keyword
Initials/Date
Remember:
Heads
are
DANGER points.
“When you speak,
your words echo only across
or down the hall.
But when you write,
your words echo down the
ages.”-Bud Gardner
Copyreading and Headline Writing by Joji Ubaldo Cabatic
Copyreading and Headline Writing by Joji Ubaldo Cabatic

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Copyreading and Headline Writing by Joji Ubaldo Cabatic

  • 1. Copyreading and Headlining Resource Person JOJI UBALDO CABATIC Tarlac Agricultural University basyo1981@gmail.com
  • 2. “The BEST WRITERS are made by the BEST COPYREADERS.”
  • 3. • Reading the copy Copyreading Material for a newspaper or magazine article; the text as written by the author • The art of arranging, correcting and selecting the quality and type of news • It includes checking the correctness of grammar and syntax (form) and checking the accuracy and relevance of data and analysis (content); • This is giving the final touch to an article before it goes to the printer.
  • 4. “Copy reading is mostly referred to as ‘copy editing.’ It's basically the process of reading over something, correcting any error and ‘spicing’ it up to make it more appealing to the reader.”
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Importance of Copyreading • When copyreading is not done to a campus publication, everyone suffers: the readers, the authors, the publications, and the institutions the publication represents. • Poorly edited article can ruin an otherwise clear writing, resulting in the journalist’s failure to communicate his ideas to his readers. •Unedited campus publication sets bad example to students. • Sloppily edited publications will eventually lose the trust of readers and destroy the reputation of the publication.
  • 18. • A campus publication represents an educational institution, which is in the business of learning. It gets disseminated not only to the students but to parents as well, and the community. Campus papers, therefore, should raise the bar on the good use of language and good writing. • Well-copyedited campus paper reflects well not only on the student writer but on the school itself as an academic institution.
  • 19. He/She must: • have a good command of the language (English/ Filipino); • have a passion for and working knowledge of rules in grammar; • have a wide vocabulary • be observant of the details (spelling, correct usage) The Copyreader • know the paper’s policy • know the paper’s stylebook;
  • 20. . • have a in-dept knowledge of copyreading symbols • be well-read and have a highly developed sense of news. • A love of good writing and the ability to see the potential in a piece, the skill to help bring it out—or the good sense to know when to leave it alone. • Skepticism that raises doubt in everything and fortitude to check it.
  • 21. . • Self-confidence to know how to improve even a veteran reporter’s copy • knowledge of journalistic conventions •Ability to recall style and copyreading rules
  • 22. He/She • edits errors on grammar and mechanics • edits errors of fact (accuracy check) • edits verbose copy • deletes opinion or slant and libelous statement What does a Copyreader do?
  • 23. .• writes the headline • abides by the ABC principles of the paper • makes sure articles follow the newspaper style - ccuracy and Fairness - revity and Conciseness - larity and Consistency
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. Next page More (Eng); Pa (Filipino) End 30 or #
  • 27. • Content – See to it that all entries are factual – Accurate – Free from libelous and derogatory statements; seditious and rebellious matter; expressions contrary to law and good taste; and opinion and editorializing statements • Brevity, Clarity and Coherence – Keep the text simple by using simple words instead of complex terms. Avoid jargons. Keep It Short and Simple! – Transition (each word/sentence logically follows the previous or relate to it) What to copyread?
  • 28. • Grammar – Subject-verb agreement – Dangling Modifiers Ex.: The lady wears a very expensive ring on her index finger which she bought in Hongkong. The lady wears a very expensive ring which she bought in Hongkong on her index finger. – Parallel construction Ex.: The food served in the party, according to those who did not suffer from diarrhea, was delicious and full of nutritive value. The food served in the party, according to those who did not suffer from diarrhea, was delicious and nutritious. – Hanging participles – Active and passive – Misused prepositions
  • 29. - Spelling (American vs. British, variants - Number - Punctuation - Capitalization - Abbreviation - Symbols - Common Inaccuracies • Style
  • 30. • Common Inaccuracies – Editorializing (one’s own value judgment) luckily mysterious obviously perfectly poignant positively predictably radical respected sadly shocking spectacular stunning successfully tragic troubling undoubtedly unique unusual very amazing astounding awful bad best bizarre certainly complex controversial crucial definitely disturbing dramatic effectively evil exciting fittingly good grim honestly important inevitable
  • 31. • Common Inaccuracies – Offensive languages/words pedophile peeping Tom racist rapist robber sexist sex offender sloppy slut swindler thief traitor unchaste unethical unwed mother unprofessi addict adulterer Alcoholic alleged/allegedly bankrupt blackmail cheater child abuser Communist corrupt crazy crook dishonest drunk ex-convict hypocrite incompetent influence peddler kept woman mentally ill moron murderer
  • 32. • Common Inaccuracies – Sexist words/gender-biased words BIASED BIASED Free businessman entrepreneur career woman professional fireman firefighter chairman chairperson mankind people/humanity manpower workers, work force founding fathers pioneers policeman police officer salesman salesperson repairman technician mother tongue native language mailman mail carrier saleslady sales agent
  • 33. • Common Inaccuracies future plans advance planning armed gunmen cancelled out Advance prediction Final conclusion Other alternative 6 a.m. in the morning Modern world of today Spherical in shape Blue in color Heavy in weight Sinampal sa mukha Isinandal ang likod Pasan sa balikat Bumulusok pababa Ibinaon pailalim Redundancies (unnecessary repetition of ideas)
  • 34. • Common Inaccuracies – Verbal Deadwood (useless phrasing) WEAK BETTER at this point in time now at that point in time then completely unnecessary unnecessary complimentary free gift gift cooperate together cooperate due to the fact that because electrocuted to death electrocuted ahead of schedule early adequate in number enough a man by the name of man named affixed his signature signed aonstructed by wood wooden called to a halt stopped
  • 35. WEAK BETTER for the reason that because a large proportion many at the present time now at an early date soon is of opinion that believes in the neighborhood of near after careful considerationafter considering answered in the negative said no at 4 a.m. this morning 4 a.m. as in the case of like in the event of in case in spite of the fact although draw attention of remind tendered his resignation resigned united in holy matrimony married held a conference met told his listeners said avenues to explore ways
  • 36. WEAK BETTER conceptualize think concept idea by virtue of the fact that because during the period from from has the capability of can he is the man who he in the final analysis finally economically advantaged poor for the purpose of for/to in case of if in close proximity near in regard to about in the event that if make inquiry regarding inquire make mention of mention oral conversations talks true facts facts terminated fired
  • 37. • Copyreading Procedures Whenever the copyreader sits down to work, he/she has the intention of making the copy free of errors. It is the goal of copyreader, therefore, to do his/her work systematically and efficiently. It would be good to follow the following steps:
  • 38. .• Read the whole article first to determine what kind of story it is and determine which is the lead paragraph. • Mark the copy with the necessary paragraph beginnings, margins, and end marks. Reread the article and correct obvious errors in grammar, spelling, punctuations and style using copyreading symbols.
  • 39. .•Reread the article and improve the organization of the story, if necessary. Make sure the lead features the lead fact. Also, remove all unnecessary and irrelevant materials. •Reread the article and thoroughly edit/correct errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation and style.
  • 40. . •If you believe that the copy is already free of errors, write a catchy and fitting headline for the story. •Give the printer’s direction and body schedule. Encircle the slugline.
  • 41. •Style In journalism, it refers to the fact that every time a certain term appears in a newspaper, it is used consistently in the same way throughout the paper. It covers the use of abbreviations, titles, punctuations and how a certain term is mentioned.
  • 42. Basics of Newspaper Style Numbers Spell out: •Whole numbers below 10 •Numerals that start a sentence. Example: Twenty-seven detainees were released yesterday. •For large numbers use hyphen to connect word ending in y to another word: Example: twenty-one or seventy-six thousand
  • 43. Use figures: •For 10 and above. •For all dates, addresses, ages and percentages (even less than 10), and decimals. •For events, 1st – 9th is allowed. •For ALL numbers in the headline.
  • 44. Places •Abbreviate words street, avenue and boulevard only after numbered address. •Never abbreviate drive, highway, place, etc. •Abbreviate compass directions in numbered address. Example: 50 S. Court St., South Court Street
  • 45. Time •Always use numerals without st, nd, rd or th in dates. •Avoid using yesterday, today and tomorrow story publication could be delayed •When writing about events use months and dates Example: "April 30" and "June 5."
  • 46. •When referring to a month, day and year, set off year with commas. Example: Aug. 20, 1964, was the day they had all been waiting for. •Never abbreviate months not immediately precede a date •Abbreviate only if month's name is six letters or longer Example: We got married in September last year. They were married Aug. 6 last year and divorced March 5.
  • 47. •Add an "s" to first year in the decade. •Years are never spelled out. •Even at beginning of sentence use figure. Example: In the 1960s, I did a lot of things I don't remember. 1968 was a good year, I'm told.
  • 48. •Recognize “8 p.m. tonight” is redundant. Write 8 p.m. Monday. •Use figures except for noon and midnight •Write time of day like this: 2:30 a.m. or 8:45 p.m.
  • 49. Capitalization •Capitalize first and last word of title. •Capitalize all words four letters or longer. •Do not capitalize articles "a," "an" and "the” OR conjunctions or prepositions, unless four letters or longer. •Capitalize the in title if that is the way publication prefers to be known. Examples: The Elements of Style Gone With the Wind The Angler
  • 50. •Capitalize formal titles before a name do not separate title from name by a comma. •Titles after a name or standing alone are ALMOST NEVER capitalized Examples: I saw President Obama. He met Prince Charles. Dr. Mojock, LSCC president, attended the meeting.
  • 51. Spelling •In the Philippines, American English is used, not British English. Example: color not colour •If a word has more than one accepted spelling, the shorter one is preferred. Example: enrol over enroll judgment over judgement
  • 52. Abbreviations •A title or position of a person may be abbreviated if it appears BEFORE the name but not if simply used in the sentence. Example: Senator/Sen. Manlapaz ` opposed the new bill. The Senator opposed the new bill.
  • 53. Acronyms •Acronyms are usually written in capital letters. •Check if the letters of the acronym are in the correct order •When an acronym appears for the FIRST time in a news story, it is written AFTER ITS MEANING and it is enclosed in parenthesis. Example: Tarlac Agricultural University (TAU)
  • 54. Paragraph •The first sentence of a paragraph is indented. BUT the first paragraph of a story is NOT INDENTED. •In news stories, the rule is one paragraph, one sentence only.
  • 55. Lead/Lede •There should be no names of unknown persons in the lead. •Check for buried leads. •The standard lead answers the 5Ws and 1H.
  • 56. Grammar •Check errors in TENSES of Verb •Check errors in Subject-Verb Agreement •Check errors in Pronoun Antecedent agreement •Check errors in articles
  • 57. Comma •Do NOT put a comma BEFORE conjunction in a simple series. Example: John, Paul, George and Ringo; red, white and blue. Guide to Punctuations •Use a comma to set off a person's hometown and age. Example: Jane Doe, Framingham, was absent. Joe Blow, 34, was arrested yesterday.
  • 58. •Place a comma before and after a year, if it follows a month and date. Example: I was born on Nov. 6, 1958, in Madison, Wis. •Place a comma before and after an appositive (a word or phrase that says same thing as a word or phrase next to it) Example: I saw my boss, John Smith, in the hall. (My boss and John Smith are identical.)
  • 59. Use comma to separate facts concerning victims and/or suspects in an accident news. Example: Joyce Macatangay, 19, of Calle Siyete, Quezon City. •Do NOT use a comma to separate the abbreviations Jr., Sr. or III from the name Example: Rudy Ong Jr. •Use comma to separate the street, barangay, town and province in an address
  • 60. • (Filipino) Gumamit ng kuwit sa paghihiwalay ng mga pananalitang pasalungat na pinangungunahan ng ngunit, datapuwat, hindi, atbp. Halimbawa: Nakangiti siya, ngunit hindi totoong masaya.
  • 61. Colon Capitalize first word after colon only if it is a proper noun or start of a complete sentence: Example: He promised this: The company will make good all the losses. But: There were three considerations: expense, time and feasibility.
  • 62. • Colons go outside quotation marks unless part of quoted material. • Use colons when presenting a series of information and use semi-colon to separate components of the series. Example: Elected officers of the RIANDES Tutoring Center are: Rizalina Tablarin, President; Odessa Tablarin, Vice President;…
  • 63. Hyphen •Use a hyphen for compound adjectives before the noun: Example: well-known actor, full-time job, 20-year sentence •Do not use hyphen when compound modifier occurs after verb: Example: The actor was well known. Her job became full time. He was sentenced to 20 years.
  • 64. •Gumamit ng gitling kapag ang isang tanging ngalan ay inuunlapian. Example: Maka-Duterte Mag-recite I-salvage •Gumamit ng gitling sa mga salitang ang kayarian ay inuulit.
  • 65. Period •Use a double space after period at end of sentence. •Do not put space between initials: C.S. Lewis; G.K. Chesterton
  • 66. Quotation Marks •Quote marks indicate exact wording. They tell reader, "This is exactly what was said." •Quote marks always appear outside punctuation.
  • 67. •Use quotation marks to set off an alias or nickname •DO NOT USE the quotation marks to set off title of events, show, movies, books, etc. Example: We watched The Little Prince BUT We watched “Langitngit ng Papag.”
  • 68. •When a full-sentence quotation is introduced or followed by attribution, place a comma between them. •Quotations that are questions only need a question mark. Example: “Did he really say that?” he asked.
  • 69. •In dialogue, each person’s words are placed in a separate paragraph with quotation marks. Begin a new paragraph with each speaker •Use single marks for quotes within quotes: Example: She said, “He told me, ‘I love you.’”
  • 70. If a quote is more than 2 sentences use a colon after attribution. Examples: I said: “Isn’t this great. . . It's the state fair." "What's going on?" he asked. He said he felt "sicker than a dead frog” after he drank too much tequila.
  • 71. • HEADLINE – an assemblage of words written in bigger, bolder letters than the usual page text at the beginning of the news. It provides the gist of the article. • Attention-getter, capsule form of the story • It is NOT a title. Headlining
  • 72. to attract readers to tell the story in a summary add variety of type identify the personality of the newspaper index/grade the news Functions of a Headline
  • 73. The headline presents the news in capsule, thus it is telegraphic. It must contain the most important, the most intriguing, the most unusual fact of the story. It must be constructed as to catch the reader’s attention and make him read the story. Size and length of the headline must be proportional to the length of the story and its importance The headline is based on the lead. Qualities of a Good Headline
  • 74. Flush Left (begin at left hand corner) xxxxxxxxxx XXXXXXXXXX 2 sundalong bihag pinalaya ng NPA Flush right (begin at right hand corner) xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx Edukasyong pang-agham isinusulong ng DepEd Structures of Headline
  • 75. Block (from margin to margin) xxxxxxxxxx XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX TAU pumasa sa 1st Surveillance audit; nanatiling ISO 9001:2015 accredited Crossline or bar line (one-line headline) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Duterte, kinondena ng LGBTQ+ supporters
  • 76. Drop Line (like a staircase) xxxxxxxxxx XXXXXXXXXX Timpalak-kagandahan, kalinisan ng barangay, inilunsad ng Anao-LGU Hanging Indention (top line flush at right) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx Joma: Taguring terorista sa CPP-NPA hadlang sa peace talks
  • 78.  Read the story for general meaning. (Basahin ang istorya upang makuha ang pangkalahatang kaisipan.) Search the key words on which to base your headline. Clues are usually in the LEAD. (Kunin ang mahahalagang salita upang gawing batayan sa pag-uulo. Gawing sanggunian ang pamatnubay upang makapamili ng mga salitang gagamitin sa pag-uulo.) TIPS TO HEADLINE WRITERS Don’t repeat key words in the same headline; don’t repeat the exact wording of the story in the headline. Avoid ambiguity, insinuations, and double meanings.
  • 79. Use brief and shortest words possible. (Gamitin sa pag-uulo ang pinakamaikling salitang posibleng gamitin na naaayon sa kaisipan ng istorya.) e.g. NO: Baby killed by rat attack YES: Rat eats baby Have a subject and a verb. (Use colorful nouns; vigorous active verbs) Avoid starting with a verb, the headline may sound as if it is giving orders. (Lagyan ng simuno at pandiwa ang ulo ng balita, subalit huwag magsimula sa pandiwa). NOT: Revise money mart guidelines BUT: CB revises money mart guidelines
  • 80.  Use a comma instead of AND. (Gamitin ang kuwit (,) bilang pamalit sa AT). e.g. Duterte, Cayetano to attend Asean Summit  Use semi-colon (;) for another idea. (Gumamit ng tuldokuwit (;) para sa panibagong kaisipan.) e.g. M-6.7 quake hits northeast Japan; tsunami alert briefly issued  Opt for the active voice. e.g. WEAK: Debate team given top award in district contest BETTER: Debate team lords in district contest  Use the down style – only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized. e.g. Aquino justifies appointment of Ochoa as PAOCC head
  • 81. Use single quotes in headlines. (Gumamit ng isang panipi lamang sa pag-uulo.) e.g. Basketball team ‘brings home bacon’ No oil price hike – PNoy OR PNoy: No oil price hike If possible, do not repeat words in the headline from the lead. Use the synonym of the verb. Don’t leave preposition at the end of the line. (Huwag magtapos sa pang-angkop, pantukoy o pang-ugnay sa dulo ng linya) WRONG: Mentors call for RIGHT: Mentors call reform of schools for reform of schools
  • 82. Use widely known abbreviations. e.g. SC, DOJ, DepED, CHED, Phl Be positive, don’t use negatives in headlines. They weaken not only the headline but also the story. (Iwasang gumamit ng negatibong pandiwa.) e.g. NOT: US doesn’t trust Peking- Moscow normalization overtures BUT: US wary on Peking-Moscow normalization overtures Palarong Panlalawigan, ‘di matutuloy Palarong Panlalawigan, kanselado
  • 83. Use present tense for past stories (use PAST TENSE of verb in FILIPINO) Use the infinitive form of the verb for future events. e.g. City Hall to push anti-squatting drive Write numbers in figures (numeical form) e.g. 7 of 10 Pinoys trust Noy – poll Use kickers to attract attention. e.g. Amid political controversy Marcos tops presidential post
  • 84. Do not use a period at the end of the headline. Use the punctuation marks (especially the exclamation point) sparingly. Omit the helping verb if it is in the passive voice. Only the past participle is retained e.g. NOT: Drug pushers were nabbed BUT: Drug pushers nabbed Use the passive voice to emphasize the receiver of an action rather than the performer of the action. Use the passive voice to point out the receiver when the performer is unknown or unimportant.
  • 85. Do not use name of personalities unless they are well known. e.g. Obama, PNOy, Erap, GMA If the person involved is not well known, use a common noun/modifier instead. e.g. WEAK: Santos wins lotto pot BETTER: Ex-OFW wins lotto pot Use specific terms instead of generalities. e.g. NOT: TAU student killed BUT: TAU student stabbed to death
  • 86. Use subject-verb-object format (commonly used) Practice. Practice. Practice.
  • 87.
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  • 91. • Headline Vocabularies 1. attacks – hits 2. supports – backs 3. increase - hike 4. stops - nips 5. approval – nod 6. syndicate – gang 7 investigation – probe 8. disapprove – scrap, buck 9. ended - busted 10. approve – OKs
  • 92. • Headline Vocabularies 11. charge - rap 12. sign - ink 13. question - grill 14. capture - net 15. disregard – rule out 16. dispute - row 17. strengthen – beef up 18. praise - laud 19. delay - snag 20. start - trigger
  • 93. • Headline Vocabularies 21. student - stude 22. writer - scribe 23. agreement - pact 24. government – gov’t 25. councilor – dad 26. congressman/lawmaker - solon 27. decrease – dip 28. conference - confab 29. call - urge 30. attempt - bid
  • 94. HEADLINE STYLES AND TERMS Downstyle refers to capitalization in headline writing where heads are treated like sentences, with only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized. This is a downstyle head Upstyle refers to capitalization in headline writing where first letter of all major words in heads are treated capitalized. All capitalized-letter heads are also called upstyle. This is an Upstyle Head THIS IS ALSO AN UPSTYLE HEAD
  • 95. In headlines that are combinations of two or more heads, the main head is usually the larger/largest in font size. Main head tells the main point of the headlines. Deck or drop head/subhead is a small secondary head that runs beneath the main head. This is a mainThis is a deck beneath the main one
  • 96. Hammer is a label head above the main head, typically one to three words. Usually in bold type, hammers are bigger than the main head. Hammer Here is the main head beneath the hammer This is a kicker up here Here is the main head Kicker is a label head above a main head, typically up to five words. Kicker is usually about half the point size of the main head
  • 97. Label head is a headline that has no verb. Often focuses on a theme or mood, it is most often used with feature and magazine stories. Slug/Slugline is a short name or title—usually one or two words—given to a story for quick and easy identification in the newsroom. Points refer to the font or type size (its height in points measured from the bottom of a descender like j to the top of an ascender like k). Headline type typically ranges in size from 18 points to 72 points.
  • 98. Columns are the vertical strips of text. The thin white spaces between columns are called gutters. Broadsheets carry 6-7 columns; tabloid and magazines, 4-5 columns Headline count is the count or length in units of each line of the head. Headline order refers to request for a given size of headline. It a three-number sequence that tells (1) how many columns a headline should cover, (2) what point size it should be, and (3) how many lines it should fill. Columns–Font Size– Lines (e.g., 6-42-1: six columns wide, 42-point type size, one line Headline schedule is chart that allows one to translate a headline order into a specific count. It tells how many counts of a given point size can fit into a given column width.
  • 99. Headline Unit Counting Width Letters, Figures, Marks ½ unit Lowercase f, i, j, l, and t Capital I and numerical figure 1 All punctuations except question mark and dashes 1 unit All other lowercase letters except m and w All other numbers Question mark Spaces between words 1½ units Lowercase m and w All capital letters except I, M, and W Dashes Symbols such as ₽, $, %, and & 2 units Capitals M and W
  • 100. Headline Schedule Chart Font Size 1 Column 2 Columns 3 Columns 4 Columns 5 Columns 6 Columns 18 points 16 units 33 units 24 points 13 units 27 units 40 units 30 points 10.5 units 21.5 units 32 units 43 units 36 points 9 units 18.5 units 28 units 38 units 47.5 units 42 points 7.5 units 15.5 units 23.5 units 32 units 40 units 48 units 48 points 13.5 units 20.5 units 28 units 35 units 42.5 units 54 points 12 units 18 units 24.5 units 30.5 units 37 units 60 points 16 units 21.5 units 27.5 units 33 units 72 points 14 units 18.5 units 23 units 28 units
  • 101. Direction to the Printer TAU now ISO certified 3/54/CaMT-B/1 CL/DS 18 units 3 - Number of columns 54 - Font size CaMT- Font B - Font style 1 - Number of lines C L - Head structure (Crossline) D - Headline style (DownStyle)
  • 102. The Tarlac Agricultural University (TAU) is now certified by the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) after Ms. Mary Glory Caunin, auditor of the Russian Register, awarded the ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System (QMS) Certification to the TAU- QMS Core Group headed by Dr. Tessie E. Navarro, the vice president for Research, Extension and Training on Feb. 9, 2018 at the TAU Agritourism Hostel Function Hall. 1/9.8/CaMT-B After receiving the ISO certification, Dr. Max P. Guillermo, commended the QMS Core Group for achieving another milestone for the University. He added that earning this prestigious award does not mean an end of a journey; instead, this signifies the continuous challenge in sustaining excellence and integrity in service they provide for their clientele and stakeholders. 1/9.8/CaMT-N Body Schedule Line Spacing Font size Font Bold Normal
  • 103. The Tarlac Agricultural University (TAU) is now certified by the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) after Ms. Mary Glory Caunin, auditor of the Russian Register, awarded the ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System (QMS) Certification to the TAU- QMS Core Group headed by Dr. Tessie E. Navarro, the vice president for Research, Extension and Training on Feb. 9, 2018 at the TAU Agritourism Hostel Function Hall. 1/9.8/CaMT-B Slug Line Spacing Font Bold TAU now ISO certified 3/54/CaMT-B/1 FL/DS 18 units News TAU DevUps ISO rc/2-9-2018 Story Type Name of Paper Keyword Initials/Date
  • 105. “When you speak, your words echo only across or down the hall. But when you write, your words echo down the ages.”-Bud Gardner