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1
IMPORTANT CODE REQUIREMENT AND
PRACTICES RELATED TO WELDING
2. Checkthe seamnumberon the job.
( A ) BEFORE STARTING WELDING
1. Forspecific seam:
Refershop weld plan, WPS and test plan.
2
( A ) BEFORE STARTING WELDING
6. Checkcable connections and earthing.
IMPORTANT CODE REQUIREMENT AND
PRACTICES RELATED TO WELDING
8. Provide run - in, run - out plates forL - seams.
25 mm 25 mm
25 mm25 mm
7. Clean WEP+25 mmon eitherside. Remove rust , paint, oil etc.
3
11. Use SS wire brush /wire wheel forSS, Inconels , Monels and
Cupro-nickels. Do not use grinding wheels used on CS.
9. Get temperature sticks for preheat & interpass.
Temperature > Preheat
< Interpass
25 mm 25 mm
BURNER
10. Checkpreheat at least 25 mm
away fromWEPon both sides.
IMPORTANT CODE REQUIREMENT AND
PRACTICES RELATED TO WELDING
4
IMPORTANT CODE REQUIREMENT AND
PRACTICES RELATED TO WELDING
2. Weaving < 3 x Electrode diameter.
( B) WHILE WELDING
1. Tacks and temporary cleats
- Use specified electrodes and preheats
- Qualified Welder
- No hammering
4. SMAWElectrode left overafter4 hrs - return to stores.
3. No stray arcing on job.
7
• WELD JOINT NOT CLEAN
• LOWER PREHEAT TEMPERATURE
WELDING DEFECTS
POROSITIES:
• STRONG WIND FLOW ON ARC
8
- GTAW / GMAW / FCAW :
• RUSTED FILLER WIRE
• DAMAGED TORCH- CLOGGED TUBE, GAS PASSAGE
• TURBULENT GAS FLOW - USE GAS LENS
• INADEQUATE GAS FLOW - FAULTY FLOW METER
• FCAW GAS PREHEATER NOT WORKING
• GAS PURITY CHECK
WELDING DEFECTS
POROSITIES:
9
• IMPROPER INTERPASS CLEANING
• POOR BEAD FINISH- ROUGH, LUMPY BEADS NOT
DRESSED BEFORE WELDING
• FAULTY RESTART - LUMP AT STARING POINT - TO BE
GROUND
• WELDING PARAMETERS (I,V, T.S) NOT AS PER WPS
• WRONG BEAD PLACEMENT
SLAG INCLUSIONS:
WELDING DEFECTS
10
• LOWER CURRENT
WELDING DEFECTS
LACK OF FUSION / PENETRATION
LF
LP
• POOR WEP / SET-UP - LOW ROOT GAP,
HIGH ROOT FACE, LOWER INCLUDED ANGLE
• RUST / PAINT ON WEP
11
• UNBAKED ELECTRODES / FLUXES
• LOW PREHEAT
• INSUFFICIENT POST HEATING
• UNCLEAN WELD JOINTS
WELDING DEFECTS
CRACKS
12
• HEAVY RESTRAINT- WELD TACKS WITH HIGHER
CROSS SECTION
• EXCESSIVE LOCAL HEATING - USE OF RING BURNERS
( NOZZLE# SHELL/ D.END JOINTS )
• USE OF WRONG ELECTRODE / FLUX
• FAULTY CONS. QUALITY / SELECTION
WELDING DEFECTS
CRACKS

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Weld defects

  • 1. 1 IMPORTANT CODE REQUIREMENT AND PRACTICES RELATED TO WELDING 2. Checkthe seamnumberon the job. ( A ) BEFORE STARTING WELDING 1. Forspecific seam: Refershop weld plan, WPS and test plan.
  • 2. 2 ( A ) BEFORE STARTING WELDING 6. Checkcable connections and earthing. IMPORTANT CODE REQUIREMENT AND PRACTICES RELATED TO WELDING 8. Provide run - in, run - out plates forL - seams. 25 mm 25 mm 25 mm25 mm 7. Clean WEP+25 mmon eitherside. Remove rust , paint, oil etc.
  • 3. 3 11. Use SS wire brush /wire wheel forSS, Inconels , Monels and Cupro-nickels. Do not use grinding wheels used on CS. 9. Get temperature sticks for preheat & interpass. Temperature > Preheat < Interpass 25 mm 25 mm BURNER 10. Checkpreheat at least 25 mm away fromWEPon both sides. IMPORTANT CODE REQUIREMENT AND PRACTICES RELATED TO WELDING
  • 4. 4 IMPORTANT CODE REQUIREMENT AND PRACTICES RELATED TO WELDING 2. Weaving < 3 x Electrode diameter. ( B) WHILE WELDING 1. Tacks and temporary cleats - Use specified electrodes and preheats - Qualified Welder - No hammering 4. SMAWElectrode left overafter4 hrs - return to stores. 3. No stray arcing on job.
  • 5. 7 • WELD JOINT NOT CLEAN • LOWER PREHEAT TEMPERATURE WELDING DEFECTS POROSITIES: • STRONG WIND FLOW ON ARC
  • 6. 8 - GTAW / GMAW / FCAW : • RUSTED FILLER WIRE • DAMAGED TORCH- CLOGGED TUBE, GAS PASSAGE • TURBULENT GAS FLOW - USE GAS LENS • INADEQUATE GAS FLOW - FAULTY FLOW METER • FCAW GAS PREHEATER NOT WORKING • GAS PURITY CHECK WELDING DEFECTS POROSITIES:
  • 7. 9 • IMPROPER INTERPASS CLEANING • POOR BEAD FINISH- ROUGH, LUMPY BEADS NOT DRESSED BEFORE WELDING • FAULTY RESTART - LUMP AT STARING POINT - TO BE GROUND • WELDING PARAMETERS (I,V, T.S) NOT AS PER WPS • WRONG BEAD PLACEMENT SLAG INCLUSIONS: WELDING DEFECTS
  • 8. 10 • LOWER CURRENT WELDING DEFECTS LACK OF FUSION / PENETRATION LF LP • POOR WEP / SET-UP - LOW ROOT GAP, HIGH ROOT FACE, LOWER INCLUDED ANGLE • RUST / PAINT ON WEP
  • 9. 11 • UNBAKED ELECTRODES / FLUXES • LOW PREHEAT • INSUFFICIENT POST HEATING • UNCLEAN WELD JOINTS WELDING DEFECTS CRACKS
  • 10. 12 • HEAVY RESTRAINT- WELD TACKS WITH HIGHER CROSS SECTION • EXCESSIVE LOCAL HEATING - USE OF RING BURNERS ( NOZZLE# SHELL/ D.END JOINTS ) • USE OF WRONG ELECTRODE / FLUX • FAULTY CONS. QUALITY / SELECTION WELDING DEFECTS CRACKS