DirectX Game Programming History of Direct3D Graphics

1. Beginning Direct3D Game Programming:
1. The History of Direct3D
Graphics
jintaeks@gmail.com
Division of Digital Contents, DongSeo University.
April 2016

2. Long time ago…
 Before Windows, DOS was the most popular operating system
for the PC.
 In this chapter, you will learn about:
– The history and earlier versions of DirectX, leading up to the current
version.
– The introduction of point sprites and vertex and pixel shaders in
DirectX 8.
– The basics of 3D textures.
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3. Raster graphics
 In computer graphics, a raster graphics image is a dot
matrix data structure representing a generally rectangular grid
of pixels, or points of color, viewable via a monitor, paper, or
other display medium. Raster images are stored in image
files with varying formats.
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4. Triangle
 A basic primitive for a mesh.
 Uniquely define a plane with minimal points.
 An internal point can be represented relatively easy way.
– Barycentric Coordinate
 A polygon must be converted to the collection of triangles.
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5. Triangle Tessellation
 A polygon must be converted to the collection of triangles.
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hole

6. DirectX Release History
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7. 7

8. DirectX 6/7
 Until the advent of DirectX 8.0, Direct3D consisted of two
distinct APIs: Retained Mode and Immediate Mode.
 Retained Mode was built on top of Immediate Mode and
provided additional services, such as frame hierarchy and
animation.
 Development of the Retained Mode API has been frozen with
the release of DirectX 6.0.
 The major changes between Direct3D Immediate Mode
versions 6.0 and 7.0 affected the support of hardware-
accelerated transformation and lighting.
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9. 9

10. DirectX 8
 Point sprites (hardware-supported sprite objects)
 3D volumetric textures (textures with three dimensions)
 An improved Direct3DX library (which provided many useful
and highly optimized routines)
 Vertex and pixel shaders (which interface to program the
graphics processor directly)
 N-patches (which add an algorithm and vertices to a model
to get a higher tessellated model)
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11. Point Sprites
 Support for point sprites in Direct3D 9 enables the high-
performance rendering of points (particle systems).
 Point sprites are generalizations of generic points that enable
arbitrary shapes to be rendered as defined by textures.
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12. 3D Volume Textures
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13. D3DX Library
 Enumerating device configurations
 Setting up a device
 Running full-screen or windowed mode uniformly
 Running resizing operations
 Calculating vector and matrix operations
 Simplifying image-file loading and texture creation
 Drawing simple shapes, sprites, and cube maps
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14. Vertex and Pixel Shaders
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15. 15

16. Assembly Shaders
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17. N-patches
Function
 In mathematics, a function[1] is a relation between a set of
inputs and a set of permissible outputs with the property that
each input is related to exactly one output.
 An example is the function that relates each real number x to
its square x2.
 This function commonly denoted by
f(x) = x2
or
y = x2
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18. Implicit function
 In mathematics, an implicit equation is a relation of the
form R(x1,..., xn) = 0, where R is a function of several variables.
 For example, the implicit equation of the unit circle is x2+y2-
1=0
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19.  The unit circle can be defined implicitly as the set of
points (x,y)satisfying x2+y2=1. Around point A, y can be
expressed as a function y(x), specifically g1(x)= 1 − 𝑥2. No
such function exists around point B, where the tangent
space is vertical.
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20. Parametric function
 In parametric function, the outputs will be determined by a
function of the parameter(for example 'u'), and the value of
the parameter changes within a certain range.
x=f(u), y=g(u) , where 0 <= u <= 1
 Above equation can be denoted in this way:
(f(u),g(u)) , where 0 <= u <= 1
 A parametric function is a general way for representing a
curved line.
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21.  B-spline with control points/control polygon, and marked
component curves
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22. Draw a spline with a paper and a pencil
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23. To more higher dimension
 A parametric surface is a surface in the Euclidean
space R3 which is defined by a parametric equation with two
parameters
 Parametric representation is a very general way to specify a
surface.
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24.  In computer aided design, computer aided manufacturing,
and computer graphics, a powerful extension of B-splines is
non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS).
 NURBS are essentially B-splines in homogeneous coordinates.
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25. 25

26. DirectX 9
 The overall API has not changed much from DirectX 8.1 to
DirectX 9.0.
 The new version introduced new and very much improved
vertex shader and pixel shader standards, including the
vs_2_0, vs_2_x, and vs_3_0 vertex shader standards and the
ps_2_0, s_2_x, and ps_3_0 pixel shader standards.
 To be able to write shaders in the most efficient way, an HLSL
(High-Level Shader Language) was introduced in DirectX 9.
 A scissor test and line anti-aliasing were introduced.
 The support of Multiple render targets.
 The support of up to 24-bit color precision.
 The DirectX 9.0 SDK provides a programming framework.
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27. HLSL
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28. Scissor test
 We can cut off the outside stuff of scissor rectangles.
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29. Tessellation
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30. Anti-aliasing
 Above left: an aliased version of a simple
shape; above right: an anti-aliased version of
the same shape;
 right: The anti-aliased graphic at 5x
magnification.
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31. Multiple Render Targets
 Multiple Render Targets (MRT) refers
to the ability to render to multiple
surfaces (see IDirect3D9Surface) with
a single draw call.
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32. DirectX 10
 Incorporates Microsoft's high-level shader language 4.0.
 The Direct3D 10 API introduces unified vertex
shader and pixel shader.
 DirectInput and DirectPlay have been deprecated and some of
their components removed.
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33. Dx10 Pipeline
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34. Geometry Shader Applications
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 Full control over the whole triangle
– All-GPU Material Systems
– Better materials
• Hi-quality interpolation and derivatives
• Wrinkle models
• Cartoon and falloff effects
 Geometry/data amplification
– Fur/Fins
– Procedural geometry/detailing
– All-GPU Particle Systems
– Data visualization techniques
– Wide lines and strokes
– …
GeometryShaderGeometry Shader

35. Shadow volume generation

36. Generalized displacement maps
 Normal mapping
(Direct3D 9)

37. Generalized displacement maps
 Displacement Mapping
(Direct3D 10)

38. Single Pass Render-To-Cubemap
x
y z
uv
Geometry Shader

39. Shader Model 4.0
 Common Shader Core
 Full integer/bitwise instruction set
– Massively parallel image and data processing
– Custom decompression schemes
 Buffer Load – CPU-like unfiltered memory access
 Switch statements and subroutines
 No limits
– More interstage registers, samplers, textures
– Unlimited instruction count

40. DirectX 11
 GPGPU support (DirectCompute).
 Improved multi-threading support to assist video game
developers in developing games that better utilize multi-
core processors.
 Hardware tessellation and Shader Model 5.0 require
Direct3D 11 supporting hardware.
– Tessellation is implemented on the GPU to calculate a smoother
curved surface from a coarse (less detailed) input patch.
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41. References
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectX
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