The document discusses the development of water sources for rural residences. It begins by explaining the global distribution of water and freshwater. It then discusses the water cycle and its key components like evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. The document also notes that approximately 1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water and over 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation. It emphasizes the importance of determining water quality and quantity and providing sanitary measures to protect sources from contamination for rural residences.

2. A. Development of Sources of Water
for Rural Residences
B. Waste Water Treatment and
Disposal for Building and Premises
C. Water Supply and Distribution System
D. Sanitary Drainage and Ventilating System
E. Storm and Sub-surface Drainage
F. Water Heating System
G. Dry and Wet Stand pipes
H. Water Pumps, Tank, Cistern, Sewage & Scum Pit
I. Installation and Workmanship
J. Plumbing Plan and Specification

3. A. Development of Sources of Water
for Rural Residences
Determine the amount and quality of water,
develop source and provide sanitary
measures against contamination and pollution.

4. DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER
FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
WATER
 Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface
 96.5% in oceans
 1.7% in groundwater
 1.7% in glaciers, ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland,
a small fraction in other large water bodies
 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds and precipitation

5. DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER
FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
WATER
 2.5% - freshwater
 98.8% - in ice and groundwater
 Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and
the atmosphere
 0.003% is contained within biological bodies and
manufactured products

6. DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER
FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
SAFE DRINKINGWATER
 no calories or organic nutrients
 approximately one billion people still lack access to
safe water
 over 2.5 billion lack accesses to adequate sanitation

7. DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER
FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
SAFE DRINKINGWATER
 Water functions as a solvent for a wide variety of
chemical substances
 facilitates industrial cooling and transportation
 Approx 70% of the fresh water - for agriculture

8. DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
Water Cycle (Hydrologic Cycle) - continuous movement
of water between the earth and atmosphere
Components :
1. Evaporation
change of state of water (a liquid) to water vapor (gas)
2. Transpiration
evaporation of liquid water from plants and trees into
the atmosphere (90% of all water that enters the roots
transpires into the atmosphere)

9. DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
3. Sublimation
process where ice and snow (a solid) changes
into water vapor (a gas) without moving through
the liquid phase.
4. Condensation
from the gas phase to the liquid phase; water
vapor (a gas) changes back into a water droplets
(a liquid)
e.g. clouds, fog, dew, or frost form.

10. DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
5. Transportation
the movement of solid, liquid and gaseous water through
the atmosphere. Without this movement, the water
evaporated over the ocean would not precipitate over land
6. Precipitation
water that falls to the earth (rain but includes snow, sleet,
drizzle, and hail)
7. Runoff
remains on the surface and flows into streams, rivers, and
eventually large bodies (lakes or the ocean)

11. DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER FOR RURAL RESIDENCES
8. Evapotranspiration – the process of transferring
moisture from the earth to the atmosphere by
evaporation of water and transpiration from plants
9. Infiltration – process by which water in the ground
surface enters the soil

12. DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCES OF WATER FOR RURAL RESIDENCES

13. MPLE
Water is many times heavier than air by
a. 803
b. 300
c. 830
d. 308

14. MPLE
Water is many times heavier than air by
a. 803
b. 300
c. 830
d. 308
Water is 800 times denser than air

15. MPLE
Which of these stages is not one among cycle of water?
a. Saturation
b. Precipitation
c. Evaporation
d. Condensation

16. MPLE
Which of these stages is not one among cycle of water?
a. Saturation
b. Precipitation
c. Evaporation
d. Condensation

17. MPLE
How do you measure the rainfall intensity?
a. Inches/hr.
b. Inches/min.
c. Inches/sec.
d. Inches/day

18. MPLE
How do you measure the rainfall intensity?
a. Inches/hr.
b. Inches/min.
c. Inches/sec.
d. Inches/day
Rainfall intensity is measured in millimetres per hour
(mm/h) over a given duration.