LTE In-building Deployment Case Study

1. Jay Huang
December 2015
LTE In-building Deployment Case Study
- for iBwave Seminar Taipei Section

2. Outline
• Why indoor coverage is essential for LTE deployment?
• 3 cases study for LTE in-building deployment
• Wave-In SDAS solution highlight
• How to choose cost-effective solution for for your indoor
environment?
• Benefit of using iBwave for in-building solution deployment

3. Why Indoor Coverage is
Essential for LTE Deployment?

4. Analysis report indicates …
indoor dominate data usage
• Analysis report indicated more than 80 percent of data happened
at indoor environment.
In-building service become key differentiate point for LTE operator

5. Video dominates mobile data service
20192010 20132011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mobile data traffic by application type
(monthly ExaBytes)
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
File sharing
Video
Audio
Web browsing
Social networking
Software download and update
Other encrypted
Other
Segment
2
Source: Ericsson Consumer Lab (2013)
13x
growth in mobile video traffic
between 2013 and 2019
Two key environment for
video APP: Transportation
and in-building venue

6. Is your indoor meet video APP
requirement?
How to resolve the challenge for LTE in-
building design? How to enlarge the video
APP coverage (16QAM+64QAM) +MIMO to
satisfy customer need?
QPSK
16QAM 64QAM

7. 3 Case Study for LTE In-
building Deployment

8. Indoor Opportunities
Case study today

9. Case 1: Cipinang Indah Mall Indonesia
• iBwave Simulation assumption
• Coverage Scale : CIPINANG Indah Mall LG floor, 150m x 110m, total
16500m^2.
• In-building design:
• Passive SISO is designed by SI (Winet); Passive MIMO is simulated by Wave-In
• Active MIMO is designed by Wave-In (1.8GHz & 2.3GHz)
• Note that simulation result might have offset due to limited interior material
info. ; however, the results are good enough for performance comparison.

10. Indoor Design Architecture
RF
LG Floor
Passive DAS System architecture (SISO)
- Enable MIMO support, need to double cabling
& antenna
Active Slim DAS System architecture
(MIMO support)
fiber

11. Simulation Result
Passive DAS – Avg. RSRP -81.6dBm Active Slim DAS LTE FDD 1.8Ghz
– Avg. RSRP -78.5dBm
RSRP simulation result – LTE TDD-2.3GHz
Active S-DAS – Avg. RSRP -82.4dBm
RSRP simulation result – LTE TDD-2.3GHz
Active S-DAS – Avg. RSRP -80.9dBm

12. HEU Installation
RF cable connect to Hauwei RRH
Wave-In HEU
Terminator
20dB
coupler
RF cable to
HEU
HEU connect to Hauwei RRH through 20 dB coupler because this trial is temporary site; RRH output
is 43dBm (20W) but Wave-In HEU input signal spec. can up to 30dBm;
Suggest adjust RRH output to 25-30dBm for permanent install and direct connect to HEU to avoid
20dB link budget loss on DL/UL for higher performance (affect SINR)

13. RAU Installation

14. SDAS Status Web GUI
UL gain set 6dB to compensate 20dB coupler loss
Clean fiber connect
reduce fiber loss
RAU output adjust from 20 to 21; UL gain 6 dB

15. Baseline Test : Passive DAS
• Test date: Oct 19 PM 11:00 - 12:00 (No traffic condition)
• Test Environment: CIPINANG INDAH MALL
• Test Equipment: Samsung J5 + Speed test APP + G-Track APP
• Test Point: As above figure shown
Oct 19 2015 Speed test plus Q-track (Passive baseline 9:30 - 10:30
DL Tput Mbps UL Tput Mbps PING ms RSRP SINR RSRQ
P1 52.87 9.85 17 -68 28.6 -7
P2 12.98 5.98 16 -86 6 -11
P3 25.95 9.12 14 -82 7 -9
P4 22.09 8.97 19 -78 20.6 -8
P5 28.22 9.51 17 -80 18.4 -7
P6 40.78 9.26 18 -80 22 -7
P7 46.16 9.37 16 -77 19.4 -7
P8 42.75 5.81 14 -80 21.8 -7
P9 52.86 9.17 14 -80 24.4 -7
P10 51.37 7.89 16 -85 23.2 -7
P11 39.84 6.04 15 -88 15.8 -7
P12 27.17 6.39 16 -87 13.6 -7
P13 27.76 7.13 18 -87 14 -9
P14 49.54 9.45 18 -83 19 -7
P15 52.95 9.61 15 -71 30 -7
P18 52.87 9.25 14 -75 30 -6
P19 52.78 8.87 14 -77 30 -6
Average 39.94 8.33 15.94 -80.24 20.22 -7.41

16. Wave-In SDAS Performance Test
No Carrefour area test data due to site access issue in the midnight
Because of MIMO, SDAS DL performance ~ 60Mbps compared to passive SISO ~39Mbps
UL performance degradation because of 20dB link budget loss for coupler.
Oct 21 2015 Speed test plus Q-track (Wave-In + external antenna + PA adjustment ) 11 pm
DL Tput Mbps UL Tput Mbps PING ms RSRP SINR RSRQ Comment
P1 72.6 4.51 18 -77 17 -7
P2 33.66 6.97 17 -79 17.2 -8
P3 30.2 5.94 16 -76 8 -8
P4 30.69 5.98 18 -80 12.7 -7
P5 38.55 6.04 15 -79 13.8 -8
P6 48.18 6.02 19 -73 15.1 -7
P7 61.65 4.7 18 -74 19 -6
P8 67.26 6.28 16 -77 17.2 -7
P9 74.23 6.5 19 -68 20.6 -7
P10 78.26 5.9 21 -75 18.4 -7
P11 76.64 8.21 18 -76 21 -7
P12 80.38 8.43 17 -71 24.8 -6
P13 78.33 6.19 18 -77 19 -6
P14 75.35 8.89 17 -67 22 -7
Average 60.43 6.47 17.64 -74.93 17.56 -7.00

17. RAU Installation Inside Carrefour
• Install two RAU inside Carrefour as figure shown.
Antenna
Antenna
RAU

18. Test Result Under 2 Carrefour Antenna
Antenna 1: P22
Test on Oct 25 2015 AM
Antenna 2: P16
Test on Oct 25 2015 AM

19. Simulation vs Actual Measurement
RSRP simulation result – LTE TDD-2.3GHz
Active S-DAS – Avg. RSRP -80.9 dBm
RSRP Actual Measurement – LTE TDD-2.3GHz
Active S-DAS – Avg. RSRP -78.17 dBm
Cross check between simulation vs actual measurement indicated our simulation result
approach 90% of accuracy within 3dB
In addition, our SDAS performance outperform simulation tool expectation which is the
indication of high quality active DAS system

20. Comparison for Passive & Active DAS
Traditional Passive SISO DAS Wave-In S-DAS
Schedule M day 1/2 M day (estimated by project team)
Construction plus
material cost
N <N (estimated by BOM study)
Supported BTS Macro Macro/pico/femto
Performance
SISO only; Voice oriented design
Degrade gradually in upper floor
Data oriented design (MIMO)
>1.5 times performance ratio compare
with passive SISO DAS
Features
E2E monitoring
Environment sensing
Auto-optics/RF calibration

21. Case 2: Retail Store Enable CA
• Carrier Aggregation is a key feature for iPhone 6S and other high-end smart
phone.
• Instead of allocate two RRH (700MHz + 1800MHz) into retail store to enable
CA feature; using SDAS solution connect outdoor site nearby is a cost
effective solution.
Lab test indicated that SDAS can help carrier
enable CA with cost effective way (20Mbps
+15Mbps)

22. Site Configuration
LTE-700M
RAU 700M
LTE-1.8G
Outdoor Antenna
1:20
directional
coupler
FET Tainan Retail
HEU FD 1.8G
HEU FD 700M
RAU 1.8G
Use SDAS RAU as a PA to push passive DAS design
HEU Located with outdoor RRH
1/2 inch coaxial cable
Fiber

23. Site Installation - HEU
FET L700 RRH
1:20 coupler
FET L1800 RRH
Wave-In 700
& 1800 HEU

24. Site Installation - RAU
Fiber out to RAU1800MHz
Fiber out to RAU 700Mhz
Disconnect L1800 RRH
Disconnect L700 RRH
Wave-In
1800RAU Wave-In
700RAU
Passive Antenna
Combiner

25. Wave-In SDAS Web GUI 700MHz
Fiber loss 0.8 dB
BTS input 25dBm after 20
dB coupler (TX~ 46dBm)
RAU TX 21 dBm

26. Trial Test Result (700MHz/1800MHz)
b. Retail store
a. Office
RAU installation area
10MHz+10MHz CA spectrum means spectrum efficiency ~ 5 bps/Hz; Test results showed
SDAS can enable DL/UL CA in operator retail store to provide cost-effective solution

27. • SDAS is a good solution for HSR station, tunnel and MRT
underground coverage.
Case 3: HSR Coverage

28. • Design Criteria:
• BBU and RRH located in Building 1, use Wave-In SDAS to extend
LTE signal into train tunnel.
• Need to carry FET and CHT 1800MHz LTE signal
• RAU need outdoor type
HSR Taoyuan Station Coverage
BBU, RRU and Wave-
In HEU
Underground tunnel
Fiber
Wave-In RAU

29. • Coverage area from TK041+900 ~ TK044+340
• About 2km 440 tunnel use 5 RAU to cover
• Need to consider train speed for no stop (~200Km/Hr) and stop service.
• KPI: 95% RSRP>95dBm; peak data rate spectrum efficiency >3.5
HSR Taoyuan Station Coverage
TK041+280 TK045+249TK042+285
Taiyuan HSR Station
8.桃園車站隧道&引道 892 & 2269
TK041+172~042+064
&TK042+506~044+775
: 3.6km
N S
TK045+249
Handover region
TK043+500
TK043+000
TK042+100
TK041+900
B202
B236
1
2
3
5
TK044+340
4

30. • For performance consideration, assume non stop train speed >200Km/Hr,
Wave-In design 1HEU to 2RAU in this case for better link budget margin.
• Even though, Wave-In SDAS can relay two operator signal using one set
of equipment, due to operator consideration on equipment property right,
Wave-In design a system diagram as following:
HSR Taoyuan Station SDAS Design
HEU#1
HEU#2
HEU#4
HEU#5
OMC
CHT BBU+RRH
FET BBU+RRH
2
1
3
5 4
FETCHT
10m 3m3m
FETCHT
10m 3m3m
FETCHT
10m 3m3m
FETCHT
10m 3m3m
FETCHT
10m 3m3m
N S
HEU#3
HEU#6

31. Wave-In HEU Installation
FET 1800MHz RRH
CHT 1800MHz RRH
Wave-In HEU for FET Wave-In HEU for CHT

32. Wave-In RAU & Antenna Installation
Wave-In outdoor type
HEU for FET
Wave-In HEU for CHT
Antenna for CHT Antenna for FET

33. Wave-In SDAS Web GUI
large fiber loss 2.7dB ==> need to revisit the site
RAU output power 21 dBm

34. Performance Snapshot (FET)
TK043+500
TK043+000
TK042+100
TK041+900
B202
B236
1
2
3
5
TK044+340
4
P1 - TK041+900
P2 - 東正線北側逃生梯
口 (B202前)
P3 - TK043+000 直達
車道旁
P4 - TK044+230 P5 - TK043+300
DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL DL UL
RSSI -53.9 -52.9 -44.1 -46.7 -43.5 -42.8 -44 -47.8 -50 -48.5
RSRP -82.6 -77.5 -73.9 -70.4 -73.2 -66.5 -74 -71.5 -78.3 -72.4
RSRQ -11.7 -7.7 -12.8 -6.73 -12.6 -6.74 -12 -6.75 -11.4 -7
DL T-put 32.9 41.6 48.7 57.1 44
UL T-put 18.4 21.5 17.3 18.7 18.4
P1
P2
P3
P4P5
Speed test result and optimization under process

35. Wave-In Comm. Slim DAS
Solution

36. FDD Slim DAS Spec. (Indoor)
HEU (Head End Unit)
Dimensions (L x W x H mm ) (218 x 160 x 42 )
Operating Temp Range 0oC to +45oC
Power Input POE:48V/1A max.
RF Input Interface N Type Female x 2
RF Input Power 10~32dBm
Input Return Loss Min. 14dB
Optical Interface SC/APC x 2
No. RAUs/ Link Max. 3
RAU (Remote Antenna Unit)
Dimensions (L x W x H mm ) (230 x 142.x 80)
Operating Temp Range 0oC to +45oC
Power Input POE: 48V/1A max
Optical Interface SC/APC x 2
External Antenna (Optional) SMA Female x 2
RF Return Loss 10dB typical
Downlink Output Power (MIMO) ~ 21 dBm (64QAM ;3%<EVM)
Antenna Gain (option) 4 dBi

37. FDD Slim DAS Spec. (Outdoor)
HEU (Head End Unit)
Dimensions (L x W x H mm ) (218 x 160 x 42)
Operating Temp Range 0oC to +45oC
Power Input POE:48V/1A max.
RF Input Interface N Type Female x 2
RF Input Power 10~32dBm
Input Return Loss Min. 14dB
Optical Interface SC/APC x 2
No. RAUs/ Link Max. 3
RAU (Remote Antenna Unit)
Dimensions (L x W x H mm ) (240 x 240 x 7)
Operating Temp Range 0oC to +55oC
Power Input POE: 48V/1A max
Optical Interface LC/APC x 1
External Antenna SMA Female x 2
RF Return Loss 10dB typical
Downlink Output Power (MIMO) ~ 23 dBm (64QAM ;3%<EVM)
Antenna gain (optional) 12 dBi

38. Slim DAS System Configuration

39. Source/Technology Independent
• Source vendor independent.
• Technology Independent: For example Band 3 DAS support
LTE & GSM; Band 1 DAS support WCDMA & LTE.
• Macro/Pico/Femto dynamic input range support (10dBm
~30dBm).
• Output power adjustable and end node extension support.

40. Single Fiber for MIMO
• Different than other active DAS, we design single fiber to
support MIMO and DL/UL both on FDD and TDD model.
• In old building like below, pipe are small and lack of space,
you can use 1/2” pipe to deploy Wave-In Solution

41. Daisy & Hybrid Topology
• Daisy and hybrid topology give you the most flexible
configuration compare the other star topology active DAS.
Layout
change

42. Auto-Optics/RF Calibration
• Auto-Optics/RF calibration feature fine tune fiber and RF link
budget to facilitate fiber lose check when initial setting or
configuration change.
• Easy for initial setting, re-configuration and monitoring; note
that during auto-calibration process, the system also detect and
report fiber loss value.
Auto Calibration Process

43. Environment Sensing
• UL band environment sensing help in-band and adjacent-band
NI scan to guarantee end user QoE.
• Periodic or by commend reporting.
Co-channel
Adjacent channel
Jamming
Background noise

44. Single Band Multi Carrier Support
• Co-Construction capability:
• Wave-In DAS system can support up to 4 multi-carrier
simultaneously.
• Note that RAU TX power will evenly split; for example 3
operator each operator RAU TX become 23dBm -4.7dB
~18.3dBm (64QAM MIMO <3% EVM).

45. Wave-In SDAS Solution
Key Differentiated Point
1. Single fiber support for MIMO.
2. Daisy chain & hybrid topology for deployment flexibility.
3. Auto-Optics/RF calibration for easy installation (A).
4. Environment sensing for troubleshooting and monitoring (B).
5. Single-band multi-operator support for co-construction (C).
!
A B C

46. NCC TA

47. How to choose cost-effective
solution for your indoor
environment?

48. LTE Possible In-building Solution
Small cell for
Indoor
Backhaul, Interference and HENET integration issues
Expensive OPEX in terms of backhaul and HENET integration
Repeater for
Indoor
Poor performance on interference and MIMO support issues
Passive
Distributed
Antenna
System DAS
Performance depends on cabling (Especially UL)
Poor performance on MIMO support issues
No active monitor system
Active E2E monitor system support
Evenly distributed performance and optimized for MIMO
Active
Distributed
Antenna
System DAS
Cost Effective OPEX & CAPEX
Active DAS solution play an important role for LTE in building deployment
Vendor BBU
+RRU+DAS RF over CAT 5/6 limit distance and MIMO performance
Expensive OPEX and CAPEX
Vendor & technology dependent technology

49. Indoor Deployment Consideration for LTE
Solution
WiFi
Capacity?
Coverage?
Capacity+ Coverage?
Small Cell
RRH+DAS
Repeater
DAS
Multi-system?
Yes
No
Multi-hole?
1:1
1:M
Small Cell
+DAS
Business
District
Residential
Area
Radio DOT

50. Indoor Deployment Consideration
Small cell? Passive DAS? Active DAS?
The following table provides a guide as to technology fit and use.
Table 2. Guide to DAS and small cells fit
SMALL TO
MEDIUM FLOOR
BUILDING
(RESTAURANT,
SHOP)
LARGE SINGLE
FLOOR BUILDING
(FACTORY)
2-5 FLOOR
BUILDING
5-10 FLOOR
BUILDING
10-20 FLOOR
BUILDING
OVER
20-FLOOR
BUILDING
AIRPORT,
SHOPPING
MALLS
Indoor small cell 1 1 to 2 2 to 4 per floor depending on storey size, morphology and capacity
Node B with DAS Not cost
effective
Not cost
effective
1 Sector 1-2 Sectors 2-4 Sectors >4 Sectors >4 Sectors
RRH with DAS Not cost
effective
Not cost
effective
1 RRU 1-2 RRU (*) 2-4 RRU (*) >4 RRU (*) >4 RRU (*)
RF repeater with DAS If low traffic Insufficient capacity If low traffic
DAS type Small to medium area or 1-5 floors: Passive DAS
Large area and more than 5 floors: Active DAS
• By ALU small cell vs DAS white paper TOC analysis, here is the
capacity & coverage guideline to choose solution.
• Single floor environment : small cell (<1000m^2)
• 2-6 floor building: RRH + passive DAS (<3000 m^2)
• 6-15 floor building: RRH + active DAS (<10000m^2)
• >15 floor building or airport shopping mall: n* Node B + active DAS

51. Benefit of using iBwave
• LTE indoor deployment strategy need to consider a lot of factor
• MIMO zone
• APP coverage
• CA coverage
• …
• Plus a lot of indoor solution suitable for different environment
• A planning & simulation tool like iBwave can facilitate IBS project work.
• iBwave did help Wave-In on following aspects
• Support varieties of IBS solution simulation for TCO evaluation on
pre-sales stage.
• Accurate design and simulation before installation.
• Accurate material BOM for project preparation.
• Trouble shoot tool for RF performance guidance & project acceptance.