CONNECTING THE CORPORATE HQ. How to overcome interference, signal overlap & containment and architectural challenges --- A business campus is the home away from home to millions of busy professionals around the world who increasingly demand constant and seamless connectivity. Emails, video conference calls, and heavy downloads are just some of the actions that business people do on their mobile phones daily. Strong, reliable and fast wireless connectivity is no longer a nice to have at the workplace – it is a MUST. But designing the wireless network for business campuses presents unique challenges, including: - High residual macro interference at higher floors from macro signal; - Containment of the indoor signal; - Overlapping in-building coverage for buildings in close proximity; - Multi-level 3D building modeling; - Quality coverage and seamless handoff for stairwells and elevator shafts. These and other specific design needs and best practices are covered in this presentation. View the video recording of the webinar: ibwave.com/Resources/PastWebinars/WebinarApril152015.aspx Read the original case study: ibwave.com/blog/connecting-the-corporate-hq-case-study

1. PRESENTED BY:
VLADAN JEVREMOVIC, PhD
RESEARCH DIRECTOR
The webinar will begin shortly. Join the webinar conversation on Twitter #iBwaveTalks

2. CONNECTING THE CORPORATE HQ #iBwaveTalks
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 Slides & video recording available tomorrow

3. About iBwave
Trusted by over
700 customers
Present in more
than 80 countries
In-Building wireless
solutions specialist
GLOBAL SOLUTIONS FOR IN-BUILDING NETWORK DESIGN AND WIRELESS LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT
Small Cell Industry
Awards 2014
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design &
technology
innovation
CONNECTING THE CORPORATE HQ #iBwaveTalks

4. • Campus description
• Design Requirements
• Best Practices
• RF survey
• 3D modeling
• Signal containment
• Elevator coverage
• Handoff management
• IBS Solution
• RF Coverage maps
• Conclusion
• Q&A
CONNECTING THE CORPORATE HQ #iBwaveTalks

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Common features
• Off major road/street
• Multistory buildings
• Small building separation
• One company may reside in all
buildings, or…
• … Two or more companies
may share the campus, or…
• …Two or more may share a
building
• RF coverage from macro BTS
• Minimal wireless traffic
outside business hours

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One company
Two buildings
• Building A: 10 levels
• Building B: 5 levels
• Distance: 30 meters
Poor wireless service
• Slow data connection
No preferred carrier
• Employees use their own
personal phones

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RF Coverage
• UMTS, LTE, Public safety required in IBS
• IBS signal must be dominant
• The signal should be 5-7 dB stronger than
the residual macro
• Minimum IBS signal requirements:
• LTE RSRP = -95 dBm
• UMTS CPICH = -85 dBm
• Public safety Rx = -95 dBm
• Stairwells and elevator must be included
Interference management
• Minimize IBS signal leakage outdoors
• Minimize IBS sectors’ overlap
• Limit handoff occurrences

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Public Safety has additional design requirements
• Technological
• Needs more extensive coverage than WSPs (loading
docks, electrical rooms, freight elevators…)
• Needs redundancy
• PIM: PS in SMR band (800 MHz) may affect UL cellular
band (850 MHz)
• Regulatory
• PS requires waterproof NEMA 4X enclosures
• Judicial
• PS must be controlled and maintained by PS authority

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RF survey
• Residual macro signal determines IBS
design target
• IBS signal should be 5-7 dB higher than
residual
• RF survey must be done for all carriers and
all technologies
• Residual signal varies with the height
• Higher floors have higher residual signal
• The signal increases 1-3 dB per floor [1] [2]
• The signal eventually levels off at floors
above BTS height
• RF survey should be done at all floors
• If floor plans are similar, RF survey data may
be interpolated between similar floors
•
First floor
Sixth floor
Tenth floor

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3 D modeling
• IBS signal propagates between floors
• It also propagates between buildings
• The buildings must be properly modeled,
especially the windows
• Some older windows have low penetration
loss
• Some newer ones have high penetration loss
• The difference can be significant
• If you aren’t sure which window type to use
in 3D modeling, make window penetration
loss a part of CW propagation test
measurements

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IBS signal containment
• IBS signal should be confined indoors
• If it is not, IBS signal from one building may
overlap with IBS in the other building
• This slows down the network
• Most operators stipulate IBS signal level
outside a building
• Example
• LTE RSRP  -100 dBm at 30 meters away;
• UMTS CPICH  - 90 dBm at 30 meters away

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IBS signal containment
• Omnidirectional antennas should not be
placed near windows
• Exception may be made if the windows
have high penetration loss due to
metallic window tint

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IBS signal containment
• Directional antennas with low side lobes
and high front to back ratio should be used
• Example: Andrew Cellmax D-25
• F/B ratio 20 dB
• Antenna gain 4.85 dBd
• H plane 3dB beamwidth = 70 degrees
• V plane 3 dB beamwidth = 60 degrees

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Elevator coverage
• Due to metal doors and walls, elevator has
no coverage when elevator doors are closed
• The figure shows cross section of the taller
building
• Two elevator shafts
• Small waiting area at elevator bank
• The directional antennas (red triangles)
• Color coded in-building sectors
• How to provide coverage?
• Antennas at the bank
• Wired antenna inside the elevator
• Antennas inside the shaft
• Radiating cable inside the shaft

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Antennas at elevator bank
• Omni antennas at the bank in front of the elevators
• If we connect omnis to the corresponding IBS
sectors… (see picture)
• A UE inside elevator needs to make handover
between IBS sectors
• Need up to 10 seconds for a successful HO
• If elevator goes straight from top to the bottom floor,
there may not be enough time to execute 2 consecutive
handovers
• We may get dropped calls!
• If we connect omnis to the same IBS sector…
• All antennas are connected to the top (blue) sector
• There is horizontal handoff area near elevator bank
on the lower (yellow) and mid (green) floors
• We may get extensive sector overlap!

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Wired antenna inside elevator
• Antenna is inside elevator, connected to an
IBS sector via cable
• Handoff occurs only when entering and exiting
the elevator
• No missed handoffs
• Horizontal sector overlap exists only when the
door is open (several seconds)
• Rarely deployed in N. America
• Most municipalities consider cable inside
elevator shaft a fire hazard

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Antennas inside elevator shaft
• Three antennas are in use
• IBS directional antenna mounted at the top,
pointing down the shaft
• Directional donor antenna at the top of the
elevator, pointing up
• Serving Omni antenna inside the elevator,
connected to the donor
• Example:
• 20 dBm CPICH ERP at the IBS antenna, -85 dBm
RSCP in elevator
• Maximum distance =115 m (AWS band)
• If the building is taller, another IBS directional
antenna is mounted at the bottom, pointing up
• Must allow for 10-20% overlap margin
• Maximum distance = 200 m

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Radiating cable inside the shaft
• Provides uniform coverage in the shaft
• Still may be considered fire hazard

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Handoff management
• IBS - macro network handoff should be
confined to entrances:
• building lobby
• loading dock
• Handoff between IBS sectors can be
• Vertical
• Horizontal
• Vertical handoff is between floors
• This handoff should be confined to stairwells
• Avoid vertical HO in moving elevators
• Horizontal handoff is on the same floor
• These handoffs are not desirable
• Might need them for elevator coverage

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The key requirement
• Employees use their own phones
• All WSPs must be included in IBS
• WSPs don’t share small cells
• Building small cell network for each WSP is
impractical
Optimum solution: Distributed Antenna System
Video stream
Analog /
Digital
Power
Amplifier
Splitters,
dividers,
coax
cables
RF /
Combining
Analog /
Digital
Digital /
Analog
Power
Amplifier
RF
Source
Passive
Active
Splitters,
dividers,
coax
cables
antenna
antenna
RF /
Combining
RF
Source
Analog /
Digital
Digital /
Analog
Power
Amplifier
antenna
antenna
RF
Source
RF /
Combining

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LTE RSRP

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UMTS Ec/Io

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LTE SINR

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LTE Maximum Achievable Data Rate

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Enterprise HQ description
Design requirements
Best practices
RF Survey
3D modeling
Signal containment
Elevator coverage
Handoff management
IBS Solution
2D and 3D coverage maps

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Contact Vladan Jevremovic,
Research Director at iBwave
vladan.jevremovic@ibwave.com