non traditional machining and automation

1. Non-Traditional Machining and
Automation
(MET 255)
B.Tech. (4th Sem) Spring 2021
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIT Srinagar
Course Incharge
Dr. Noor Zaman Khan

2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, a student should be able to:
• CO1: Analyze and access the importance of automation and industrial automated systems.
• CO2: Identify and Analyze functions and functioning of CNC machines.
• CO3: Recognize the need of non-traditional machining processes and understand the working of high energy
beam machining.
• CO4: Illustrate underlying mechanisms in non-traditional machining processes along with their applications

3. Applications of Industrial Robots
• The following are the important characteristics of a work situation that tend to promote the substitution of a
robot in place of a human worker:
• (1) the work environment is hazardous for humans,
• (2) the work cycle is repetitive,
• (3) the work is performed at a stationary location,
• (4) part or tool handling would be difficult for humans,
• (5) it is a multishift operation,
• (6) there are long production runs and infrequent changeovers

4. Applications of industrial robots
• Applications of industrial robots that tend to match these characteristics can be divided into three
basic categories:
• (1) material handling,
• (2) processing operations,
• (3) assembly and inspection.

5. Syllabus of Unit 1
• Computer numeric control (CNC) machines
• Open loop & closed loop CNC machines
• Classification, advantages and applications of CNC machines
• Introduction to CNC programming
• G-codes and M-codes
• Absolute and Incremental coordinate system
• Adaptive control
• Material Handling Equipments
• Automated Guided vehicles (AGVs)
• Analysis of AGVs

6. Material handling equipment
• Material handling is defined as ‘‘the movement, storage, protection and control of materials throughout the
manufacturing and distribution process’’.
• The term is usually associated with activities that occur inside a facility.
• Material handling functions in manufacturing include
(1) loading and positioning work units at each workstation,
(2) unloading work units from the station,
(3) transporting work units between workstations.
• Material handling equipment and methods used in manufacturing can be divided into the following general
categories:
1) transport equipment.
2) storage systems,
3) unitizing equipment,
4) identification and tracking system

7. Material transport equipment
• Material transport equipment is used to move parts and materials between
workstations in the factory.
• There are five main types of material transport equipment:
1. Industrial trucks,
2. Automated guided vehicles,
3. Rail-guided vehicles,
4. Conveyors, and
5. Hoists and cranes.

8. Industrial trucks
• Powered and non powered equipment
• Used for transporting material and equipment on the
shop floor.
• Powered: Fork-lift trucks, tractor-trailer rig.
• Non-Powered: hand carts- wheeled platforms and
dollies.
• Useful for intermittent moves over varying paths.

9. Automated guided vehicles (AGVs).
• First AGV was developed in 1954 by A. M. Barrett, Jr. in
Grocery warehouse to pulling trailer
• 1973, volvo Swedish carmaker. Developed AGV for moving car
bodies through final assembly plants
• An automated guided vehicle system (AGVS) is a material
handling system that uses independently operated, self-propelled
vehicles guided along defined pathways.
• AGVs are battery-powered, automatically steered vehicles that
follow defined pathways in the floor.
• They are neither physically tied to the production line nor driven
by an operator like forklift.
• Such vehicles have on-board controllers that can be programmed
for complicated and varying routes as well as load and unload
operations.
• Routing variations are possible, meaning that different loads
move between different stations.

10. Monorails and other rail guided vehicles
• These are self-propelled vehicles that ride on a fixed rail system that is either on the floor or suspended
from the ceiling.
• The vehicles operate independently and are usually driven by electric motors that pick up power from an
electrified rail.

11. Conveyors
• Conveyors constitute a large family of material transport
equipment that are designed to move materials over fixed
paths, generally in large quantities or volumes.
• Conveyors can be either powered or nonpowered.
• In Powered conveyors, the mechanical drive system is built
into the fixed path.
• Nonpowered conveyors are activated either by human
workers or by gravity.

12. Cranes and hoists
• These are handling devices for lifting, lowering,
and transporting materials, often as very heavy
load.
• Hoists accomplish vertical lifting
• Cranes provide horizontal travel and generally
include one or more hoists.

13. Two general categories of material transport equipment: fixed and variable.
• In fixed routing, all of the work units are moved through the same sequence of
stations.
• Typical material handling equipment used in fixed routing includes conveyors and
rail-guided vehicles.
• In variable routing, different work units are moved through different workstation
sequences.
• Typical handling equipment found in variable routing includes industrial trucks,
automated guided vehicles, and hoists and cranes

14. Storage systems
• Storage systems in factories are used for temporary
storage of raw materials, work-in process, and finished
products.
• Storage systems can be classified into two general
categories
• (1) conventional storage methods and equipment, which
include bulk storage in an open area, rack systems, and
shelves;
• (2) automated storage systems, which include rack
systems served by automatic cranes that store and retrieve
pallet loads.

15. Unitizing equipment
• Unitizing refers to containers used to hold
individual items during transport and
storage, as well as equipment used to
make up such unit loads.
• Containers include pallets, boxes, and
baskets that hold parts during handling.

16. Identification and tracking system
• To identify and keep record of the material being moved and stored
• Bar codes, magnetic stripes, radio frequency tags etc.

17. Thank You