This document discusses research methodology and provides information on bibliographies, footnotes, and oral presentations. It begins by outlining the course outcomes for research methodology, which include gaining exposure to quantitative and qualitative research techniques, understanding existing literature, learning sampling strategies, and applying research methods to particular problems. Next, it defines bibliographies and describes how to format bibliographic entries for books, magazines, and newspapers. It also discusses distinguishing features of bibliographies. The document then explains what footnotes are used for and how to format them. Finally, it provides tips for effective oral presentations, including using visual aids, and discusses the merits and demerits of oral presentations.

1. DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
Bibiliography Footnotes Oral Presentation
University Institute of Engineering
Electronics & Communication
Engineering
Master of Engineering (Electronics and Communication
Engineering)
Research Methodology
20ECT653
Prepared By Nitin Sharma

2. 2
Bibiliography
Footnotes Oral
Presentation
Course Outcome
CO1 Gain exposure to range of quantitative and / or qualitative research techniques
CO2 Understand and analyze research methodologies identified in existing literature.
CO3 Learn strategies related to sampling of data
CO4 Analyze the feasibility and practicality of research methodology for a proposed
project.
CO5 Apply and design the research report for a particular problem

3. Contents
Bibliography
Footnotes
Oral Presentations
3

4. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• A bibliography is an orderly list of resources on a particular subject.
• A bibliography provides the full reference information for all the
source which you may have consulted in preparing a particular project.
• The purpose of bibliography is to allow the reader to trace the source
used.

5. Distinguishing traits of bibliography
• The author’s name is listed in reverse order-surname first-for the
purpose of alphabetizing.
• The entry is generally presented in hanging-indention form. That is the
second and subsequent lines of an entry begin at a uniform distance to
the right of the beginning point of the first line.
• The entry gives the inclusive pages of articles, but not for books, and
does not refer to any one page or passage
• Second and subsequent references to publications of the same author
are indicated by a uniform line.

6. Making a Bibliography
• For a Book
• Author(last name first).Title of the book, City: Publisher, Date of publication
• Example : Godin, Seth. Purple cow: Transform your business by being Remarkable. New York: Upper
Saddle River, 2002.
• For a magazine
• Author (last name first), "Article Title." Name of magazine. Volume number, (Date): page numbers.
• Example : Jordan, Jennifer, “Filming on top of the world.” Museum of Science Magazine. Volume 7
(winter 1998) pp-11
• For a Newspaper
• Author (last name first), "Article Title." Name of newspaper, city, state of publication. (date): edition if
available, section, page number(s).
• Example : Powers, Ann, “New Trends” The New York Times ,New York, NY(3/1/98), Atlantic Region ,
Section 2 , p-3.

7. Types of Bibliography

8. Footnotes
• Appear to the bottom of page.
• Single spaced
• Double spaced line between each note.
• Separated from the text.

9. Purpose of Footnotes
• Additional information
• Comment
• Source
• Adaptive of ideas

10. A Footnotes should :
• Convey one idea at a time
• Be concise
• Be inserted with the use of computer software numbering options

11. Oral Presentation
• It is effective when supplemented by various visual devices. Use of
slides , wall charts and blackboards is quite helpful in contributing to
clarity and reducing the boredom ,if any.
• Distributing a board outline ,with a few important tables and charts
concerning the research results, makes the listeners attentive who have
a ready outline on which to focus their thinking . This very often
happens in academic institutions where the researchers discusses his
research findings and policy implications with others either in a
seminar or in a group discussion.

12. Merits and Demerits
• The merit of this approach lies in the fact that it provides an
opportunity for give and take decisions which generally lead to a
better understanding of the findings and their implications
• The demerit of this sort of presentation is the lack of any permanent
record concerning the research details and it may be just possible that
the findings may fade away from people’s memory even before the
action is taken.

13. References
• Dowdy, S., Wearden, S. and Chilko, D., Statistics for Research, Wiley Series (2004)
• Walpole, R.E., Myers, R.H., Myers, S.L. and Ye, K., Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists,
Pearson Education (2002).
• Kothari C.R., Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, New Age International Publishers, 2nd
Edition.
• Bordens K.S., Abbott B.B., Research and Design Methods, 6th Edition, TMH Publishing Company Limited.
• Johnson, R.A, Probability and Statistics by , PHI-2nd edition
• Trivedi K.S., Probability & Statistics With Reliability, Queuing And Computer Science Applications , 2nd
Edition, JohnWiley & Sons
• Meyer, P.L., Introduction to Probability & Statistical, Applications, Oxford, IBH
• Johnson, R.A., Probability and Statistics, PHI, New Delhi
• Krishnaswami, K.N., Sivakumar, A. I. and Mathirajan, M., Management Research Methodology, Pearson
Education: New Delhi
• Zikmund, W.G., Business Research Methods, 7th Edition, Thomson South-Western
• Cooper, D. R. and Schindler, Business Research Method , P.S Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2nd edition (2010).
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14. THANK YOU
For queries
Email: nitinsharma.ece@cumail.in