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Building a Wind Turbine
- 1. Mechanical Engineers: Nicole Kahasha, James Lamont, Kees Westra, Emily Zaretsky Electrical Engineers: Thanh Nguyen, Jeremey Yarborough INT 19.1 Faculty Advisor: Yen-Lin Han
- 2. Vocabulary
- 3. How Does a Wind Turbine Work? Wind direction Generator Power line Blade rotation
- 4. • Competition Outline • Design Overview • Mechanical Design • Electrical Design • Control System Design • Competition Results • Conclusions • Q & A Agenda
- 6. “Research, design, and enhance a turbine for a grid scenario with a high contribution of renewables and be able to operate in an islanded mode.” 2019 Problem Statement
- 7. • Work autonomously in a grid scenario • Consistent, steady power up to 20 m/s windspeed • 45 cm cubed in volume • Able to yaw 180º per second, up to 720º Constraints & Specifications
- 8. Cut in • Start producing power between wind speeds of 2.5 and 5 m/s Power Curve Performance • Produce stable power between wind speeds of 5 to 11m/s Control of Rated Power • Maintain a proportionality of rated power and rpm in high wind speed Safety • Shut down and restart safely Durability • Yaw and withstand high speed winds CWC Testing Procedure
- 9. Design Issues • Large hub = smaller blades • Bulky, non-aerodynamic nacelle • Generator oversized Last Year's Design
- 10. Last Year's Turbine Our Turbine Comparison
- 11. Our Design How we • Captured Wind Energy
- 12. Our Design How we • Captured Wind Energy • Power Generation
- 13. Our Design How we • Captured Wind Energy • Power Generation • Turbine Control
- 14. Our Turbine
- 16. Blades
- 17. Blades
- 19. 2018 2019 2018 2019 Airfoil SG6040 Cp 3.2 4 Twist Angle 30-5.38 26.87-1.88 Chord (cm) 6.44-1.25 8.37-1.3 Length (cm) 16.5 18.3 Blades
- 20. Attachment
- 21. Fixed Pitch
- 22. Variable Pitch
- 23. Designing
- 24. Designing
- 26. Parts Modified
- 30. Power Generation
- 33. Circuit Design: Power Electronic
- 34. Circuit Design: Power Electronic
- 35. Circuit Design: LC Filter Noisy Power Filter Clean Power
- 36. Circuit Design: Variable Load Circuit is Closed Turbine Generates Power On Circuit is Open Blades Allowed to Spin Freely During Startup Off Circuit is Shorted Blade Rotation Impeded during Shutdown Sequence On Circuit is Closed Turbine Generates Power Off Series MOSFET Parallel MOSFET
- 37. Turbine Controls
- 38. Control System
- 39. Control System
- 40. Data Acquisition
- 41. Data Acquisition
- 42. Control System
- 43. Power Control
- 44. Power Control Proportional Method! MORE power produced! LESS power produced!
- 45. Control System
- 46. Safety Shutdown
- 47. Yaw
- 48. Yaw
- 49. Nacelle
- 50. COMPLETE!
- 51. Competition
- 52. Cut in • Start producing power between wind speeds of 2.5 and 5 m/s Power Curve Performance • Produce stable power between wind speeds of 5 to 11m/s Control of Rated Power • Maintain a proportionality of rated power and rpm in high wind speed Safety • Shut down and restart safely Durability • Yaw and withstand high speed winds Test Runs
- 53. Cut in • Start producing power between wind speeds of 2.5 and 5 m/s Power Curve Performance • Produce stable power between wind speeds of 5 to 11m/s Control of Rated Power • Maintain a proportionality of rated power and rpm in high wind speed Safety • Shut down and restart safely Durability • Yaw and withstand high speed winds Competition Run
- 54. Conclusions
- 55. Conclusions
- 56. Conclusions
- 57. Conclusions
- 59. Questions for the Team?
- 61. • Twelve trials evaluated in QBlade • Graphical Optimization using MATLAB and Surrogate Assisted Optimization • Gradient based search optimization in Excel 13% increase in Cp!
Editor's Notes
- KEES
- Make table bigger. Make table less specific. Add title. Add yaw slide after this, potential blow up graphic
- KEES
- KEES Make it bigger to fill the screen, make a graphic that looks nicer, maybe take out last year's design, add "CWC performance" to the bottom, add "conclusion", add "closing questions"
- Emily
- Emily
- Emily Enlarge the graphic with detaisl, get rids of words
- Emily
- Picture should be larger, maybe a different picture. Nicole
- Thanks Emily! Before we talk about our turbine design, we want to show you where we came from and where we ended. The turbine design is a legacy project. So when we started designing, we based it off of last year's. We noticed that their turbine had 3 main issues that we could focused on: a large hub= smaller blades, a non-aerodynamic nacelle or housing, and an oversized generator.
- With maximizing power as our primary design goal, we divided our design process into 3 parts. The mechanical system, which captures the wind energy
- With maximizing power as our primary design goal, we divided our design process into 3 parts. The mechanical system, which captures the wind energy
- With maximizing power as our primary design goal, we divided our design process into 3 parts. The mechanical system, which captures the wind energy
- Emily
- Now, let's start with the mechanical system which captures the wind energy Nicole
- We will start with blades design Nicole
- We will start with blades design Nicole
- This is the hub, which is where all blades attach. As I mentioned earlier, last year's hub was large with shorter blades. However, in a wind turbine, power is a function of the area being swept by the blade as they rotate. This means that the longer the blade the more power. How do we get longer blade with the competition size constraint. So, we shrank the hub which allowed us to have longer blades. Nicole
- Potentially image on a slide before this to desricbe how and why we changed the blades. Put in image of last year's blades. Make sure to desrcibe everything on this page well. Nicole
- Add the graphic
- Add the graphic
- Add the graphic
- Add the graphic
- Add the graphic
- Add the graphic
- Add the graphic
- Add title. Add graphics to demonstrate what part of the system we are currently discussing
- Add title. Add graphics to demonstrate what part of the system we are currently discussing
- Add title. Add graphics to demonstrate what part of the system we are currently discussing
- After all that great work to harness wind energy, we need to convert it to electrical energy. This is the goal of selecting a generator. For the competition we selected the Titan T8120 as our generator. It was chosen because of its high power output at high rotational speeds. While it was a step down from last years design it still may have been a bit too robust. What it is: A 3 phase drone motor used as a generator Why it was chosen: High power output with high rotational speeds, it may be too robust for the design
- The generator produces an AC voltage source. We chose to rectify, or convert, this to a DC source. This made it easy to balance the load on the generator, implement all the low voltage circuitry, and a DC output was required by the competition Data Acquisition System. What it is: Rectification process – converting the generators 3 phase voltage into a DC voltage Why: This made it easy to balance the load on the generator, implement all the low voltage circuitry and it is required by the competition data acquisition system.
- To power our control systems and our programable devices, voltage regulators were used. They are inefficient but easy to implement. They are designed in conjunction with bypass capacitors to help reduce electrical noise in the circuit. What it is: 2x IC voltage regulators used in conjunction with bypass capacitors Why it was chosen: The Arduino and Linear Actuator Board require 5V and 6V respectively. They are easy to implement but are inefficient and the Bypass capacitors help with switching and rectifier noise.
- A DC to DC converter was used to charge the competition storage device. It was chosen specifically for this role and is much more efficient and robust than the voltage regulators. However, it was difficult to implement and it caused some issues during the competition. What it is: TDK-Lamda DC-to-DC converter Why it was chosen: While difficult to impliment into the circuit it has a much higher efficency than the voltage regulators and was a perfect fit for the competition storage device.
- We implemented a lossless lowpass filter tuned to 100Hz. This was required at the output of our circuit to the competition data acquisition system to filter circuit noise caused by rectification and switching electronics. What it is: A lowpass filter designed to roll off at 100Hz. Why it was chosen: This was required by the competition so rectification and switching noise caused by other parts of the circuit don’t distort the data acquisition system.
- A Variable resistor was designed as the load element. Using voltage controlled current sources, or MOSFETS, in a series and parallel combination we were able to allow our control system to either open the circuit, allowing the blades to spin freely during a startup sequence; or short the circuit, impedding the rotation of the blades duing a shutdown sequence. What it is: Variable Load resistor Why it was chosen: The voltage controlled current sources, or MOSFETs are in a parallel and series combination allowing our control system to either open the circuit or short the circuit during startup and shutdown sequences.
- Thanh
- Thanh
- Data Acquisition can be understand as getting data CLICK
- Here, the CS measures Voltage, Current, Power and RPM These data benefits the algorithm of the CS as well as our testing.
- We have on the screen now is the schematic of the CS, the components you see on your right side are sensors we used
- The second function of the CS is power control, means it helps the turbine to produce power more efficiently and consistently, to complete the rated-power control task in the competition. Basically, the control system controls the pitching system to fulfill this function
- Let's take a look at the components on the other half of the schematic, on your left side. We have the components for the controlling the pitching system
- We call it PROPORTIONAL METHOD
- Last but not least, the safety shutdown function. To complete the SAFETY TASK of the competition, which is being able to stop the turbine rotation at any windspeed
- A duo effect was used: commanding the MOSFET to short the circuits, put much more torque on the generator, make too heavy to spin Commanding the pitching system to form a poor aerodynamic angle on the blades, which looks like this CLICK
- KEES Make table bigger. Make table less specific. Add title. Add yaw slide after this, potential blow up graphic
- KEES Make table bigger. Make table less specific. Add title. Add yaw slide after this, potential blow up graphic
- Make table bigger. Make table less specific. Add title. Add yaw slide after this, potential blow up graphic
- Emily
- Emily
- Emily
- Emily
- Add what we could do differently in the future.
- Add what we could do differently in the future.
- Add what we could do differently in the future.
- Add what we could do differently in the future.