FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH.

2. SUBJECT
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
Topic
PARTS OF SPEECH AND ACTIVE VOICE & PASSIVE VOICE
Presented by
JAMEEL AHMED KHOSO
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

3. 1 • PARTS OF SPEECH.
2 • ACTIVE VOICE ,PASSIVE VOICE.
content

5. • Words are divided into different kinds or
classes according to their uses or
according to the work they do in a
sentence , are called PARTS OF
SPEECH .

6. • There are eight (8) parts of speech,
NOUN
PRONOUN
ADJECTIVE
VERB
ADVERB
PREPOSITION
CONJUNCTION
INTERJECTION

7. • Noun is the Name of person, place, or thing.
OR
• Noun is the naming word.
Ex;
ABSAR is good boy.
FARAZ is honest.
SHAHBAZ is writing latter.

8. • There are seven parts of noun,
• COMMON NOUN
• PROPER NOUN
• ABSTRACT NOUN
• COLLECTIVE NOUN
• MATERIAL NOUN
• DIMINUTIVE NOUN
• COMPOUND NOUN
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9. COMMON NOUN
COMMON name of person, place or thing is called common noun.
Ex; boy, book, school.
PROPER NOUN
PARTICULAR name of parson, place, or anything Is called proper noun.
Example; FARAZ, PAKISTAN, DELL…
ABSTRACT NOUN
THE name of an action, state or quality which we can only think.
Example; Teaching, richness, goodness, honesty…….
COLLECTIVE NOUN;
THE name of a number, collection of person or things taken
together and spoken of as a whole
Example; Army, team, family, crowd……….

10. MATERIAL NOUN
THE name of the matter from which other things are made is called
MATERIAL noun.
EXAMPLE; GOLD, silver, wood, milk, ice……
DIMINUTIVE NOUN
THE noun showing something small is called diminutive noun.
Example; Booklet, nestle…….
COMPOUND NOUN
THE noun composed of more than one word is called compound
noun.
Example; Black board, shopping center……..

12. •A word used in place of
noun is called PRONON.
Example;
I , he, she, it, they………………
He is my brother.
I am in the class.

13. • THERE are six kinds of pronoun,
1 PERSONAL PRONOUN
2 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
3 INTEROGATIVE PRONOUN
4 REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
5 INDEFINITIVE PRONOUN
6 RECIPROCAL PRONOUN
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14. PERSONAL PRONOUN
A word which stands for a person is called
personal pronoun.
• Ex;
• I, we, he, she, it, they……….
THERE are three types of personal pronoun.
1 first person pronoun
2 second person pronoun
3 third person pronoun

15. 1 THE personal pronoun which denotes a person speaking
is
called first person pronoun.
Example; I, my, me, mine, we, our, us………
2 THE personal pronoun which denotes a person spoken to
is
called second person pronoun.
Example; you, your, they……..
3 THE personal pronoun which denotes a person spoken of
is
called third person pronoun.
Example; he, his , she ,her, it, its , they their………

16. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
A pronoun used to point out a person, place or thing is called
demonstrative pronoun.
Example; This, that, these, those….
INTEROGATIVE PRONOUN
A pronoun used to ask some question is called Interrogative
pronoun.
Example; What, who, whose, which……
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
A pronoun used with self or selves to reflect the action of
subject known as a reflexive pronoun.
Example; MYSELF, YOURSELF, HIMSELF, HISELF,
ITSEL……

17. INDRFINITE PRONOUN
A pronoun used to talk about a person or thing indefinitely is
known as indefinite pronoun.
Example; One, nobody, some, someone, something, any, few,
RECIPROCAL PRONOUN
A pronoun used to talk mutual relationship is known as
reciprocal pronoun.
Example; Each other, one another……….

19. ADJECTIVE
A word which is used with noun or pronoun and which express the
quality, quantity and Number is called adjective.
Example; black, good, 3kg……...
THERE are three (3) types of adjective;
• ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY
• ADJECTIVE OF QUANTITY
• ADJECTIVE OF NUMBER
1 ADJECTIVE of quality
An adjective used to talk about the quality of a noun or pronoun is
known as adjective of quality.
EXAMPLE; wealthy, industrial……

20. 2 ADJECTIVE of quantity
An adjective used to talk about the quantity of noun or
pronoun is called adjective of quantity.
EXAMPLE; Little, enough, much…….
3 ADJECTIVE OF number
An adjective used to talk about the number of things or
person is known as adjective of number.
EXAMPLE; six, few, first…….

22. A verb is a word that tells something about a person or
thing,
OR verb shows an action in a sentence.
Example; run, eat, write, is, am, are……
• My name is JAMEEL.
• I write a sentence.

23. KINDS OF VERB
• TRANSITIVE VERB
• INTRANSITIVE VERB
• TRANSITIVE VERB
A verb which has an object is termed as transitive verb.
Example; they will catch the thief.
• INTRANSITIVE VERB
A verb which has no object is known as intransitive verb.
Example; HE runs. She laughed.

25. • An adverb is a word , which modifies the meaning of a
verb. An adjective , or an other adverb in a sentence.
EXAMPLE; quickly , beautiful , bravely …..
he writes quickly.
he explained the poem fairly well .
THERE are
Adverb of place
Adverb of time
Adverb of manner
Adverb of frequency

26. ADVERB OF PLACE
An adverb used to show an action is done is known as adverb of
place.
Ex; here, there, above , away….
ADVERB OF TIME
An adverb used to show when an action is done is known as an
adverb of time.
Ex; now , then , today, tomorrow ,still , yet, since,……..
 ADVERB OF MANNER
An adverb used to show an action is done as an adverb of
manner.
Ex; bravely, quickly, happily…
 ADVERB OF FREQUENCY
An adverb used to show how often an action is done is known as
an adverb of frequency.

28. A preposition is word placed before noun or pronoun to show its
Relation to an other word is called preposition.
Ex; before, in, on, into , onto, at…..
My book is on the table.
some one is at the door.
 KINDS PREPOSITION
SIMPLE PREPOPSITION
EX; AT, IN, OUT, WITH,……
DOUBLE PREPOSITION
EX; OUT OF, FROM BEHIND, FROM AMONG,…….

30. A word which joins together sentences or words and
clauses is known as conjunction.
Ex; and, but, or, for, also , because, after , when……
I likes books and music.
He tried hard but he did not succeed in his attempt….

31. INTERJECTION

32. A word which express some sudden feelings of joy or
surprise
Is called interjection.
Important sign of interjection = !
Ex; huzza! , hurrah! , oh!, alas! ……
Hurrah! We won the match.

34. ACTIVE VOICE
WHEN a verb form shows that the subject has done
something, it is known as active voice.
Ex; I write a latter.
PASSIVE VOICE
WHEN a verb form shows that something has been done to
the subject , it is known as passive voice.
Ex; A latter is written by me.

35. Active voice
subj m.v obj
I write a latter
M.V3
Passive voice
OBJ H.V M.V+3 +BY OBJ CASE
A LATTER IS WRITTEN BY ME

36. pronoun Changed form
I
We
He
She
They
Me
Us
Him
Her
Them

37. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
SUB+M.V+OBJ OBJ+H.V+M.V3+BY+OBJ
CASE
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
SUB+H.V+M.Ving+OBJ OBJ+H.V+BEING+M.V3+BY+OB
CASE
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
SUB+H.V+M.V3+OBJ OBJ+H.V+BEEN+M.V3+BY+OBJ
CASE
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
1. I BREAK A GLASS. 1.A GLASS IS BROKEN BY
ME.
2. MY FATHER BEATS ME. 2. I AM BEATEN BY MY
FATHER.
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
1. I AM WRITING A LATTER, 1. A LATTER IS BEING WRITTEN
BY ME.
2. SHE IS SINGING SONGS . 2. SONGS ARE BEING SUNG BY
HER.
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE1.
1. I HAVE EATEN MANGOES. 1. MANGOES HAVE BEEN EATEN
BY ME.
2. WE HAVE NOT BEATEN HIM . 2. HE HAS NOT BEEN BEATEN BY
US.

38.  PAST SIMPLE TENSE
SUBJ+M.V2+OBJ OBJ+H.V+NOT+M.V3+BY+OBJ CASE
 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
SUB+H.V+M.Ving+OBJ OBJ+H.V+NOT+BEING+M.V3+BY+OBJ
CASE
 PAST PERFECT TENSE
SUB+H.V+M.V3+OBJ OBJ+H.V+BEEN+M.V3+BY+OBJ
CASE
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
1. SHE DID NOT REPAIR THIS PEN. 1. THIS PEN WAS NOT REPAIRED
BY HER.
2. DID YOU KILL THE SNAKE ? 2. WAS THE SNAK KILLED BY
YOU?
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
1. HE WAS NOT SENDING A
TELEGREM.
1. THE TELEGRAM WAS NOT BEING
SENT BY HIM.
2. WERE THEY CHASING THE
THIEVES?
2. WERE THIEVES BEING CHASED BY
THEM?
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
1. YOU HAD STOLEN MY WATCH. 1. MY WATCH HAD BEEN STOLEN BY
YOU.
2. HAD THEY BURNT THOSE 2.HAD THOSE PAPERS BEEN BURNT