2. INTRODUCTION
• Modern method of teaching
• Important for designing curricula(syllabus) and content
• Based on the philosophy of pragmatism (thinking of or
dealing with problems in a practical way)
• Pupils performs constructive activities
• Demands work from the pupils
• With principle of learning by doing
3. CHARACTERISTICS
• Modern method of teaching
• It takes beyond the walls of the class
room
• It take in natural setting
• Making learning realistic and
experiential
• It encourages investigative learning
• Active involvement of the student
4. CHARACTERISTICS
• It encourages the spirit of scientific
enquiry
• Promotes better knowledge as
knowledge gained from the books
• Enhance the student’s social skills
• Boost the student psychologically
• Encourages spirits of research
5. Types of project
• Individual project -every individual solve the problem in
t their own according to their interest, capacity, attitude
and needs.
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• Group project -the problem is solved by the group of
pupil in the class.
• Here the social citizenship qualities and synergism
(interactions) are develops
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• Simple project –in this the students are completing only
one work at a time. it gives the deep information about
the project in a one angle
• The students get deeper and broader
knowledge about the problem
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• complex project – the students are carried out more than
one work at a time.
• They are focus on the work in various subject and angles
• Here the students get the knowledge
about the work in various activities
and dimensions
9. According to Kilpatrick; there are four
types of projects
1. Constructive project – the students are carried out more
than one work at a time.
• Practical or physical tasks such as construction of article,
making a model, digging the well and playing drama are
done in this type of projects
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2. Aesthetic project – Appreciation powers of the students
are developed in this type of project through the musical
programs , beautification of something, appreciation of
poems and so on
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3. Problematic project – In this type of project develops
the problem-solving capacity of the students through
their experiences. It is based on the cognitive domain
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4. Drill project – it is for the mastery of the skill and
knowledge of the students , it increases the work efficacy
of the students
13. Steps of project method
➢Creating situation
➢Selection of the problem
➢Planning
➢Execution
➢evaluation
14. Creating situation
➢Teacher create the proper situation to
the situation in the class
➢Teacher puts-up his knowledge about
the project method procedure, steps and
uses to the students
➢Students should know themselves what
is the use of project method and it
should never be forced on them.
➢It should be purposeful and meaningful
in their life
15. Selection of the problem
➢ the teacher helps the student
for selection of the problem
➢The teacher guide them
➢Students have the freedom to
choose the topic based on their
interest and ability
➢The principles must be follow
before choosing the problem
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➢ Teacher should only tempt the students for
a particular project
➢But final proposal for the project comes from
the students
17. Planning
➢As a teacher she should discuss about problem
with the students in various angles and points
➢When the students freely expressing their opinions
about problem, the teacher writes down the whole
program of action step wise on the black board
18. execution
➢Here the students are start their work
➢They are collecting relevant
information and materials at first
➢Teacher give the time and right to the
students according to their own speed,
interest and ability
➢During this step the teacher should
carefully supervise the pupils in
manipulative skills to prevent waste of
materials and guard accidents
19. evaluation
➢ Should be done by teacher and student with
proper plan
➢Here the students evaluate their task
➢ Students express their feeling about the task
freely
20. Reporting and recording
➢Last step in which each and every step of the work are
reported.
➢The reported things are recorded in a certain order in a
book form
➢It should include the proposal plan and its discussion,
duties allotted to different students and how fare they
were carried out by them
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➢It should also include the details of places visited
and surveyed guidance for future and other
possible details
➢The book format report is submitted to the teacher
at the end
22. Role of the teacher
➢Guide the students
➢Act like a friend and philosopher
➢Act as a working partner
➢Encourages his students to work collectively
and co-operatively
➢Help students to avoid mistakes
➢ Teacher makes that each student in the group
gain knowledge after completion of the project
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➢Suggestions if the students face the failure during
execution
➢Develop the character and personality
➢Provide democratic atmosphere
➢ teacher Should be alert and active
➢Selection of the problem
➢Should have the thorough Knowledge
of individual children
24. Merits of project method
Merits :
➢Project according with their interest
➢Psychological satisfaction
➢Students are provided with various opportunities
➢Enhance the critical thinking skills among students
➢Develop co-ordination among
their body or mind
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➢Well balanced development of the students
➢Social interaction and co-operation among students
➢Acquire permanent kind of information
➢Stimulate the constructive skills
➢Stimulate the creative skills
26. Demerits of project method
➢Lot of time to plan and execute
➢Not possible to design different projects for different
topics
➢Large number of financial resources are required
➢Teacher should be highly knowledgeable, active and
alert
➢Sometimes the projects are too ambitious
