project as a method of teaching

1. PROJECT
Sridevi devaraj
1st year msc nursing
KCON
Bangalore

2. INTRODUCTION
• Is an educational enterprise in which children
solve a practical problem over a period of several
days or week.
• Is a teaching method that requires the students to
present in concrete form the results of
information gathered about a concept, principle or
innovation.

3. DEFINITION
• project is a whole- hearted purposeful activity
proceeding in a social environment”
-Kilpatrick
• “ A project is a problematic act carried to
completion in its natural setting”.
-Stevenson (1908)

4. • “ A project is a bit of real life that has been
imparted into the school”.
-Ballard

5. CHARACTERISTICS
To be a project the learning activity must
• Be problematic in nature
• Aimed at a definite attainable goal
• Purposeful, natural and lifelike in its procedure to
attain the goal
• Directed and planned by the students
• Practical in nature, emphasis on a single concrete
achievement
• It should be evaluated objectively

6. PRINCIPLES
• The principle of purpose.
Knowledge of purpose is a great stimulus and
motivates the child realize his goal.
• The principle of activity.
Children are active by nature.
• The principle of experience.
Experience is the best teacher.
• The principle of social experience.
The child is a social being and we have to
prepare him for social life.

7. • The principle of freedom.
The desire for an activity must be spontaneous
and not force by the teacher.
• The principle of utility.
Knowledge will be worth while only when it is
useful and practical.

8. TYPES OF PROJECT

9. • Individual project ;
planned for each student or the same project
may be individually solved by each student
• Group project
Planned for a class or a gropup

10. Classification of projects according to the purpose and
objectives
• The producer type
project for production of some physical
materials( model preparation)
• Learning project :
project for the learning where the main aim is
acquisition of some ability (making a fracture bed, cpr)

11. • The problem type ;
The project for intellectual development-
emphasis is on student’s creative
thinking(solving some patient problems)
• The drill type ;
To attain a certain degree of skills in a reaction

12. CRITERIA FOR SELECTING PROJECT
• Topic should have some educational value
• Should not take overtime
• Should be challenging in nature
• Consider the cost and availability of materials
• Whole course should not be planned using this
method
• Project should be selected according to the student’s
interest

13. STEPS OF A PROJECT METHOD
CREATING SITUATION:
• In the first step teacher creates the proper situation to
the students in the class.
• He puts up the knowledge about the project method
procedure, steps, and uses to the students.
• A project should arise out of a need felt by students
and it should never be forced on them.
• It should be purposeful and significant.

14. SELECTION OF THE PROBLEM:
• The teacher helps the students to select the
problem and guide them.
• Students are having freedom to choose the topic
or problem based on their interest and ability.
• Before choosing the topic the principles should be
taken in to an account.

15. PLANNING:
• The teacher discuss with the students about the
problem in various angles and points. After the
free expression of the students’ opinion about the
problem.
• the teacher writes down the whole programme of
action stepwise on the blackboard.
• In the process of planning teacher has to act only
as a guide and should give suggestions at times but
actual planning be left to the students.

16. EXECUTION:
• The students are stating their work in this step.
• They are collecting the relevant information and
materials at first.
• The teacher should give the time and right to the
students according to their own speed, interest
and ability.

17. • During this step the teacher should carefully
supervise the pupils in manipulative skills to
prevent waste of materials and to guard accidents.
• Teacher should constantly check up the relation
between the chalked out plans and the developing
project.

18. EVALUATION:
• Evaluation of the project should be done both by
the pupils and the teachers.
• Here the students evaluating their task.
• They determine whether the objects are achieved
or not.
• After that they criticize and express their feeling
about the task freely.
• The evaluation of the project has to be done in the
light of plans, difficulties in the execution and
achieved results

19. REPORTING AND RECORDING:
• It is the last step of the project method in which
each and every step of the work are reported. The
reported things are recorded in a certain order in a
book form.

20. • It should include the proposal, plan and its
discussion, duties allotted to different students
and how far they were carried out by them.
• It should also include the details of places visited
and surveyed guidance for future and all other
possible details.
• The book formatted report is submitted to the
teacher at the end.

21. Merits
• It arouse and maintain interest of the student
• Keep the students on freedom of thoughts &action
while doing the work
• It provides the interest and ability of the student
• It provides more creative constructive thinking of
the student
• It helps to know the individual differences

22. • Helps the students to think logically and
scientifically
• Facilitates the development of doing ability
• Provides growth of individual through the activity
• Teaches the student to evaluate and judge his
finished work by comparing
• Group project develops the team spirit

23. Disadvantages
• This method takes a lot of time to plan and
execute a single project.
• It is not possible to design different projects for
different topics and it is also not possible to cover
all the topics or content in a single project.
• For proper execution of a project, large number of
financial resources are required.

24. • Such method can only be prove successful if the
teacher is highly knowledgeable, alert and
exceptionally gifted.
• Systematic and adequate learning is not provided by
this method, as it is a method of incidental learning.
• Through this method, students learn only what is
required by them in relation to the completion of the
projects