This document discusses effective communication strategies for public administrators. It identifies four types of audiences to consider - decision makers, staff, experts, and the general public. The most common forms of communication are emails, memos, letters, newsletters, and press releases for public audiences, and formal reports, proposals, budgets, and rules for internal and technical audiences. Key tips include being clear and concise, putting the most important information first, using catchy titles, and thoroughly proofreading all written work. The document provides guidance on writing various documents like reports, proposals, budgets, rules, letters, and press releases.

1. Jacob Birtwhistle
MPA 605
Professor Kittredge

2.  Determine the why, who, which, and how
(Swain & Swain, 2015)
 The purpose, audience, most effective message
 Four types of audience to consider
 Decision makers, staff members, experts, and the general public (Swain &
Swain, 2015)
 Proofread
 Use brevity
 Always ask why the information is included
(Moylan, 2016)
 Use direct language
 Do not use more words than necessary

3.  Forms of communication
 Public, internal and technical
 Public
 Email, memos, letters, newsletters, press releases
 Internal and Technical
 Formal reports, proposals, budget narrative, rules
(Swain & Swain, 2015)
 Emails, memos, letters are the most common
forms of communication

4.  Memos to correspond with colleagues
 Should be clear and concise
 Letters are for outside audiences
 Letters have a formal tone
 Letters are appropriate when many points are
made
 Audience will determine the scope and tone of
the email
 Always proofread all written correspondence
(Swain & Swain, 2015)

5.  Press releases address two audiences
 Public and the press (Swain & Swain, 2015)
 Most relevant information at the front (Swain &
Swain, 2015)
 Catchy title to grab attention
 Newsletters are resourceful ways to inform (Swain
& Swain, 2015)
 Paragraphs should be kept short (Swain & Swain,
2015)
 Two or more columns
 Keeps readers interested (Swain & Swain, 2015)
 Punctuation and grammar should be checked

6.  Reports
 Define the topic, research, create and outline (Swain & Swain, 2015)
 Topic should be narrow and focused
 Proposals
 Formal or informal
 Grant proposals and memos (Swain & Swain, 2015)
 Budget narrative
 Explains the budget
 Rules
 Knowledgeable on policies and procedures
 Organize
 Short and concise sentences
 Contact me for further information

7.  Email: Jacob.birtwhistle@yahoo.com
 Phone: 916-555-5555
 Please see the script for this presentation
below:

8.  Moylan, T. (2016, March 15). Clear Writing for
Public Sector Communicators. Retrieved from
Linkedin:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/clear-writing-
public-sector-communications-tom-moylan
 Swain, J., & Swain, K. (2015). Effective Writing in the
Public Sector. New York: Routledge.
 The Importance of Communication Skills in Public
Administration. (2017). Retrieved from USC Price:
https://publicadmin.usc.edu/resources/news/pu
blic-management/the-importance-of-
communication-skills-in-public-administration/