Computer Applications Lecture 2 (Spring - 2015)

1. A Brief History of Computers

2. First-Generation Computers
 Used vacuum tubes for circuitry
 Used magnetic drums for memory
 Relied on machine language to perform operations
 Input was based on punched cards and paper tape
 Output was displayed on printouts
 Were enormous
 Used a great deal of electricity
 Generated a lot of heat
 were very expensive to operate
 Could only solve one problem at a time
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3. Other Significant Events
 1953: University of Manchester complete the first transistorised
computer.
 1953: Magnetic core memory developed.
 1954: FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) development began
 1954: IBM 650 - the first mass-produced computer
 1957: First dot matrix printer marketed by IBM
 1958: Integrated Circuit invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments
 1959: COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language)
development began
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4. Second-Generation Computers
 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes
 still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer
to damage
 still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output
 moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or
assembly, languages
 stored their instructions in their memory
 multiprogramming operating system
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5. 1959: DEC PDP-1
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6. 1965: DEC PDP-8
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7.  1965 Moore's law published by Gordon Moore.
 1965 Fuzzy Logic
 1965 Packet switching, funded by ARPA was developed.
 1965 The first supercomputer, the Control Data CDC 6600, was
developed
 1966 HP-2115
 1967 Development of programming language Pascal begun
 1967 USA The floppy disk is invented at IBM
 1968 USA Intel founded by Robert Noyce and a few friends.
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8. 1968
“ But what ... is it good for? ”
—Engineer at the Advanced Computing
Systems Division of IBM commenting on the
microchip.
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9. End of Class!!
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