THE COMPUTER GENERATIONS

1. Name: Md. Din Islam
ID: 131-15-2243

2. INTRODUCTION
The first electronic computer was designed
and built at the University of Pennsylvania
based on Vacuum tube technology. Vacuum
tubes were used to perform logic operations
and to store data.
Generations of computers has been divided
into five according to the development of
technologies used to fabricate the
processors, memories and I/O units.

3. ZEROETH GENERATION
• Man used his fingers, ropes, bones,
pebbles and other objects for counting.
•Abacus, Difference & Analytical
engines
•Electricity was not yet invented

4. FIRST GENERATION,
1944 – 1958: The Vacuum Tubes
The first generation of computers, characterized by
vacuum tubes, started in 1944 with the creation of -
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) – a
tabulating machine which won the contest for the
fastest machine which could count the US 1890
census.
VACUUM TUBES – electronic tubes about the size
of light bulbs. ENIAC weighed 30 tons contained
18,000 vacuum tubes.

5. SECOND GENERATION,
1959 – 1963: The Transistor
The year 1959 marked the invention of transistors,
which characterized the second generation of
computers.
TRANSISTOR – was a three-legged component
which shrunk the size of the first generation
computers. Occupied only 1/100th
of the space
occupied by a vacuum tube.
More reliable, had greater computational speed,
These machines used assembly language.

6. THIRD GENERATION,
1964 – 1970: The Integrated Circuit
Third generation computers arose in 1964
with the invention of smaller electronic
circuits called Integrated Circuits (IC)
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS – are square
silicon chips containing circuitry that can
perform the functions of hundreds of
transistors.

7. FOURTH GENERATION,
1971 – Present: LSI or VLSI
• Marked by the use of microprocessor
• MICROPROCESSOR – is a silicon chip
that contains the CPU – part of the
computer where all processing takes place.
4004 chip – was the first microprocessor
introduced by Intel Corporation.

8. A Fifth Generation?
AI and Natural Languages
• AI(Artificial Intelligence)computing devices
are still in development which goals to
respond natural language input & self-
organization.

9. CONCLUSION
As a result of the various improvements
to the development of the computer, we
have seen computer being used in all
areas of our life. It’s a very useful tool
that will continue to experience new
development as time passes.

10. REFERENCES
• http://www.chipsetc.com/uploads/1/2/4/4/1
244189/9386465_orig.jpg?309
• http://www.slideshare.net/sowj8o8/generat
ion-of-computers-25845330?
next_slideshow=1
• http://c0719792.cdn.cloudfiles.rackspacecl
oud.com/5446_THE%20COMPUTER
%20GENERATIONS.ppt
• eccdl.dcccd.edu/GEaster/ITSC1401