The document summarizes an academic presentation about an Nd:YAG laser. 1) Nd:YAG lasers were developed in 1964 by Bell Labs. They use neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet as the lasing medium and are optically pumped, allowing them to produce high power outputs. 2) The active medium is yttrium aluminium garnet doped with 1% neodymium ions, which act as the active centers for lasing. The Nd:YAG rod is mounted inside an optical cavity formed by mirrors and is pumped using a xenon flash lamp.

1. PRESENTATION
1NAME : PRAJAPATI JAINISH J.
ENROLLMENT NO. : 161010107017
BRANCH : COMPUTER
SUBJECT : PHYSICS
TOPIC : Nd:YAG LASER
DATE OF PRESENTATION :
ACADAMIC YEAR : 2016-17
CREATED BY : JAINISH PRAJAPATI
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2. In 1964, Bell laboratory developed Nd:YAG
solid state LASER.
Nd: YAG is optical pumping laser and it
gives high power.
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3. Nd:YAG is a solid state laser. Here active
medium is YAG-Yttrium Aluminium Garnet
[Y3AL5O12] material.
In the YAG material 1% is doping of Nd3+
ion is done. Basically we replace 1% AL3+
ions by Nd3+ ions. Nd3+ ions are active
center for the laser.
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5.  As, shown in fig. Nd:YAG rod is mounted with
xenon flash lamp on cavity Resonator. The
entire system is connected with power supply.
 Nd:YAG rod is fully silvered at one end to
provide 100% reflection that acts as cavity.
Although external 100% reflecting and
partially reflecting mirror are also mounted at
both the sides.
 Nd:YAG rod is being illuminated by xenon
flash lamp which is connected with require
power supply.
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6. Energy bands
E4
E3
E1
E2
Non radiative
transitions
Non radiative
transitions
0.73m
0.80m
1.06 m
Population inversion is
achieved between these two
states
E
n
e
r
g
y
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7.  When flash lamp is radiates white light, two different wavelengths
0.73 m and 0.80 m are being absorbed by Nd3+ ions and they
transit to excited state ( E0 to E4) and (E0 to E3) respectively.
 Due to solid state excitation, E4 & E3 are energy bands and than a
non radiative transition occurs between E4 to E2 and E3 to E2. during
this transition energy is released to lattice.
 E2 is metastable state and more number of Nd3+ ions are now in E2
state compare to lower energy state E1. hence population inversion
is achieved.
 Radiative transition take place between E2 to E1 and Nd3+ ions
radiates 1.06 m wavelength. This is infrared region and output
beam is in form of pulse wave.
 Now, a rapid transition between E1 to E0 is achieved mostly by
cooling system. This is again a non radiative transition.
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8.  Nd:YAG laser is mostly used in :
1. Medical field for ophthalmic (eye) surgery and
cosmetic surgery .
2. Industrial operations like welding, cutting, drilling,
melting and heating due to high power output.
3. Defense system as LASER guided bomb system.
4. Communication and remote sensing field.
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