Graphene is a two-dimensional material made of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. It was first isolated and characterized in 2004. Some key properties of graphene include its strength, flexibility, conductivity, and ability to self-repair. Potential applications of graphene mentioned in the document include ultra-fast electronics, DNA sequencing, batteries, desalination membranes, bulletproof materials, and medical devices. Graphene is seen as an important material that could enable many new technologies in the 21st century due to its unique properties and low cost of production.

1. GRAPHENE The Miracle Material
of 21st Century
Material Miracle of
21st Century
ISHAAN SANEHI AND SHUSHMA DEVALLA
3RD SEMESTER
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

2. Features

4. Discovery
• Studies on graphite layers for
past hundred years
• Graphene theory first explored
by P.R. Wallce (1947)
• Andre Geim & Kontantin
Novoselov Nobel Peace Prize
(2010)
• Physics observed using TEM
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/8043355/Nobel-Prize-for-
Physics-won-by-Andre-Geim-and-Konstantin-Novoselov.html
http://powerlisting.wikia.com/wiki/File:Graphite.jpg

5. Graphene is a crystalline allotrope
of carbon with 2-dimensional
properties. Its carbon atoms are
densely packed in a regular atomic-
scale chicken wire (hexagonal)
pattern.
Each atom has four bonds, one σ
bond with each of its three
neighbors and one π-bond that is
oriented out of plane. The atoms
are about 1.42 Å apart
Graphene can self-repair holes in its
sheets, when exposed to molecules
containing carbon, such as
hydrocarbons. Bombarded with
pure carbon atoms, the atoms
perfectly align into hexagons,
completely filling the holes

6. • Mega-fast uploads
• Charging up in just 5 seconds
• It could improve your Sports e.g Tennis
• Making salt water safe for consumption.
• Touchscreens that use graphene as their conductor could be slapped
onto plastic rather than glass.
• Graphene could pave the way for bionic devices in living tissues that
could be connected directly to your neurons.

7. Graphene &
DNA
Sequencing Today’s sequencing
techniques involve chopping up
DNA, making many copies of the
pieces, and reading fluorescent
molecules attached to them.
A thinner membrane, such as graphene, might
allow for more accurate base identification.
“The thinnest membrane that has ever been
applied to this problem,” says Jene Golovchenko

8. • Hardest substance but flexible
• Light weight
• Very inexpensive
• not brittle
• Can be used in either of the
electronic gadgets.
Due to the substance conductivity
can be used as a mobile screen.
INDIUM TIN OXIDE-rare and brittle
graphene-conducticity easily sense the
tip of fingers
Instead of indium tin oxide,
graphene easily sense tip of fingers

9. Graphene can make batteries that are light,
durable and suitable for high capacity energy storage, as well as shorten charging
times.
The new supercapacitor’s ultra-quick charging time also costs less than a traditional
lithium ion battery over the course of its
lifetime, due to its unique ability to withstand
more recharges without losing strength.
*The resulting battery can store 10 times more power than ones
that utilize graphite anodes.

10. De-salination to Drinking Water
Graphene here is
used as a filter with
nano size holes to let
pass the water
molecules and block
the much larger salt
molecules.

11. Bulletproof Graphene

12. Trending Future Applications-
• Bulletproof Wear
• Bulletproof Glass
• Replacing D30 sort of expensive
items
• NeuroScience-
• DNA Sequencing
• Technology-
• MOTH Eyes
• Smart Contact Lenses

13. COURSE OUTCOME
• The topic enable us to know about graphene and its maricle properties.
• It helps us to know the technique of synthesising graphene
• It helps us to know the various application of graphene
• It details us about the importance of Graphene and its significance in the
upcoming era