seminar-presentationgrafene-material

1. Nanasaheb Mahadik College of Engg. Peth
Welcome

2. “Study of graphene material”
nano material - graphene
preSentation by –
more udayraj uttamraomore udayraj uttamrao
Nanasaheb Mahadik College of Engg. Peth

3. 18th
century – Textile Industries
19th
century – Railway Industries
20th
century – Beginning – Automobile industries
2nd
half – Electronics industries
At the end – Micro technology (Computer revolution)
21st
century – “Nano Technology”
Principal of Nano technology – “The extremely small particle of
any material shows completely different properties from normal
material.”
Nanasaheb Mahadik College of Engg. Peth

4. “Graphene” - An emerging Nano material
“Very very thin than a paper about its millionth part but stronger than
strongest steel about its 100 times. Stronger than Diamond also pure
transparent but very high density so that the atom of helium also can’t
go through graphene.”
- A Nobel prize winner for Graphene
Andre Geim says about graphene
Nanasaheb Mahadik College of Engg. Peth

5. Fullerene – 0DBottom Right
Nanotube – 1DBottom Left
Graphene – 2D-Top Left
Graphite – 3D-Top Right
It is the world's first 2D material and is one million times smaller than
the diameter of a single human hair.
Nanasaheb Mahadik College of Engg. Peth

6. ProPerties of GraPhene
It is the thinnest compound known to man at one atom thick.
The lightest material known (with 1 square meter coming in at around 0.77
milligrams)
The strongest compound discovered (between 100-300 times stronger than
steel and with a tensile stiffness of 150,000,000 psi)
The best conductor of heat at room temperature (at 4.84×1000 to 5.30×1000
W·m−1·K−1) and also the best conductor of electricity known (studies have
shown electron mobility at values of more than 15,000 cm2·V−1·s−1).
Other notable properties of graphene are its unique levels of light absorption
at πα ≈ 2.3% of white light, and its potential suitability for use in spin transport.
It can act as a perfect barrier - not even helium can pass through it.
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7. • Conductivity - Best conductor of electricity & heat than
any conductor which are known us till today.
• Chemical –
In 2013, Stanford University physicists reported that
sheets of graphene one atom thick are a hundred times
more chemically reactive than thicker sheets.
Graphene is the only form of carbon (or solid material) in
which every atom is available for chemical reaction from
two sides (due to the 2D structure).
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8. • Mechanical - Graphene is highly impermeable and is highly elastic.
Graphene is one of the strongest materials known with a breaking strength
over 100 times greater than a hypothetical steel film of the same (thin)
thickness.
• A 1 square meter graphene hammock would support a 4 kg cat but would
weigh only as much as one of the cat's whiskers, at 0.77 mg (about 0.001% of
the weight of 1 m2
of paper).
Nanasaheb Mahadik College of Engg. Peth

9. Production techniques
•Very difficult to separate out a single layer of graphene form graphite
•Seems impossible to separate out a layer till 2004
•But made possible by Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov .
They separate out one layer of graphite by using simple adhesive tape
•From silicon presenting silicon carbide
•By burning of methane gas on copper sheet – Chemical vapour
deposition
•Korean scientist-75*75 cm graphene
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10. Another Techniques For Production of Graphene
Reduction Of Graphite Oxide: Rapid heating of graphite oxide and exfoliation
yields highly dispersed carbon powder with a few percent of graphene flakes.
Reduction of graphite oxide monolayer films. . However, the quality is lower
compared to scotch-tape graphene, due to incomplete removal of functional group
Sonication :Applying a layer of graphite oxide film to a DVD and burning it in a
DVD writer produced a thin graphene film with high electrical conductivity (1738
siemens per meter) and specific surface area (1520 square meters per gram) that
was highly resistant and malleable
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11.  Epitaxy
 CO2 Reduction
 Laser
 Nanotube Slicing
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12. ApplicAtions –
So where will graphene take us? How will it change our
world? What benefits will it bring to mankind? What applications will
we see in the near future and decades to come?
Nanasaheb Mahadik College of Engg. Peth

13. Electronics -
1 Transistors– For formation of transistor used in IC’s
Samsung will launch touch screen in next 2-3 years
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14. 2 Transparent conducting electrodes:
Graphene's high electrical conductivity and high optical transparency make it a candidate
for transparent conducting electrodes, required for such applications as touchscreens,
liquid crystal displays, organic photovoltaic cells, and organic light-emitting diodes. In
particular, graphene's mechanical strength and flexibility are advantageous compared to
indium tin oxide, which is brittle.
Light Processing –
1 Optical modulator
2 Infrared light detection
Nanasaheb Mahadik College of Engg. Peth

15. Energy Generation -
1 Ethanol distillation- Graphene oxide membranes allow water vapor to
pass through, but are impermeable to other liquids and gases. This phenomenon
has been used for further distilling of vodka to higher alcohol concentrations, in a
room-temperature laboratory
2 Solar cells -
Silicon generates only one current-driving electron for each photon it absorbs,
while graphene can produce multiple electrons. Solar cells made with graphene
could offer 60% conversion efficiency– double the widely accepted maximum
efficiency of silicon cells.
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16. Storage -
1 Super capacitor:Due to graphene's high surface area to mass ratio, one
potential application is in the conductive plates of supercapacitors.
2 Electrode for Li-ion batteries
3 Hydrogen storage
4 Rechargeable battery: Researchers at Northwestern University built a lithium-
ion battery made of graphene and silicon, which was claimed to last over a week
on a single charge and only took 15 minutes to charge.
Medicine –
1. Tissue Engineering
2. Contrast agents/ Bioimaging
3. Devices
4. Drug delivery
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17. Environmental
1. Water filtration
2. Contaminant removal
Other
1. Lubricant
2. Radio wave absorption
3. Coolant additive
4. Catalyst
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18. FUTURE OF GRAPHENE :
•Transport, Medicine, Electronics, Energy, Defense, Desalination; the range of
industries where graphene research is making an impact is substantial.
•Clean drinking water for millions. Graphene membranes could see huge
progress in water purification technology developing countries and provide more
efficient desalination plants. Electronics and energy storage could also be
revolutionized by graphene.
•Flexible, durable, semi-transparent mobile phones. Wearable technology,
clothing that communicates. Electric sports cars. Lightweight planes. These are
the future technologies which are becoming realistic in our present.
•This is only the start. These are only the first steps. The potential of graphene
is limited only by our imagination.
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19. T h a n k s
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