Group 11's project focuses on Taxila, an ancient city located in modern-day Pakistan. Taxila was an important trade center from 1000 BC to 1000 AD, under several different empires. The archaeological site contains 18 important cultural sites from Taxila's history, including the 2nd century CE Jaulian Stupa, known for its elaborate decorations. Taxila is also notable as the site of Takshashila University, considered the world's oldest university established around 2700 years ago, where over 60 fields of study were offered. Today, Taxila remains an archaeological region offering insight into its rich past.

2. Group # 11
GROUP MEMBERS :
ZIA ULLAH
ANWAR KHAYAL
FURQAN MEHMOD
INAM ULLAH
Teacher : AR .KHALID

3. Taxila
• INTRODUCTION AND Location
• The Taxila archaeological site is located in the
province of Punjab, Pakistan, about 30 km north
of the Capital Territory of Islamabad. It lies off
the famous and historical Grand Trunk
Road. The modern archaeological region of
Taxila is composed of 18 sites of significant
cultural value which were inducted as a whole
into the UNESCO world heritage umbrella in
1980 CE.

4. • Taxila was an ancient city located in what is now
considered the province of Punjab in Pakistan. It is
a UNESCO World Heritage Site that was
discovered in 1980 by the archaeologist Alexander
Cunningham. The city was originally called
Takshashila, meaning the ‘City of Cut Stone’ based
on the construction style that was dominant
throughout the settlement.
• Historically, Taxila was an important city in the
Kingdom of Gandhara which was present in the
region from about 1000 BC to 1000 AD. Taxila was
then governed under several different empires,
with each wanting to benefit from the convenient
trade route it offered within South and Central
Asia.

5. • Today, the new city of Taxila is a fairly
modern settlement spread around and
amongst the ruins of a bygone era. Transport
is easily available locally for those who wish
to explore all its historical wonders

6. Jaulian Stupa
• This 2nd cent CE establishment is a highly
decorated and compact construction which is
situated in the neighborhood of the city of Sirsukh,
rising 300 ft above the Taxila valley and within
view of Sirsukh. The name Jaulian means "Seat of
Saints" in the local language, a name which has
probably existed since antiquity. The Jaulian
establishment is a later work and is very lavish,
harkening to a time in the Buddhist history of the
region when the superficial depiction of the
Buddha image was at its peak. It has numerous
chapels and votive stupas in its two courts and
Architectural Highlights

7. once housed
massive Buddha
sculptures as
well. Its location
is considered one
of the most
picturesque in the
region.
• Other sites include the Mohra Moradu
complex, Jinna Wali Dheri and the recently re-
excavated Bhamala stupa (a rare cruciform
stupa).

9. • Each of these establishments has associated
monasteries and other auxiliary buildings creating
a fairly uniform pattern of planning as with other
Gandharan sites.
• Although today Taxila is known as a "region", in
antiquity it was the name of a city which spread
over 3 sites dating from the vedic era down to the
late ancient period. Known now by place names
where the remains were found, the cities in
antiquity were probably all known with the same
name i.e. Takshasila.

10. Takshashila University | World's First and Oldest
University Taksha Institute

11. • Takshashila University was established 2700 years
ago in Taxila. Takshasila is also known as Taxila or
Takshila. Between 600BC and 500AD, Taxila was
in the kingdom of Gandhar, in
Ancient INDIA before partition, but
now Takshashila is in Rawalpindi district of the
Punjab Pakistan after partition. Takshashila
University offered over sixty courses in
various fields. The University consisted of three
buildings: RatnaSagar, Ratnodavi and ratnayanjak.
The ancient Takshasila were declared a UNESCO
(United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural organization) world Heritag