This files are made for class lectures.

1. BASIC ABOUT RADIOLOGY & IMAGING.
Sohel Rana Sumon
BSc(Radiology),DMRT, PG(DMU), MPH.
Lecturer
Department of Radiology & Imaging.
State college of health science.

2. ANATOMICAL & RADIOLOGICAL TERMS
 Anterior(ventral), posterior(dorsal), distal, proximal, medial, lateral,
superior, inferior, external, internal, frontal, occipital, caudal,
superficial, deep, central, peripheral.
 PA- Posterior Anterior
 AP- Anterior Posterior
 Oblique(Rt/Lt)
 Erect: standing or sitting.
 Decubitus: lying down.
 Supine: lying on back
 Prone: lying face-down
 Occipitomental(OM) view
uses in PNS.

5. RADIOLOGICAL PLANES
 Axial (Transverse) planes.
 Sagittal planes.
 Coronal planes.

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9. CT-SCAN & MRI
 Computed Tomography Scan : Uses X-rays to make detailed
pictures of structures inside of the body.
 MRI : Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses a
magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures of
organs and structures inside the body.

10. CT-SCAN VS MRI

11. USG
 Ultrasonography : Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to
create real-time pictures or video of internal organs or other soft tissues.
 sound waves that have frequencies greater than 20,000Hz.

12. ECHOGENICITY
Echogeneity is the ability to bounce an echo.

13. BASIC ABOUT X-RAY
 An electromagnetic wave of high energy and very short wavelength, which is
able to pass through many materials opaque to light.

16. PART -2

20. CT -Scan MRI
CT scan is faster and can
provide pictures of
tissues, organs, and
skeletal structure.
CT scan uses radiation so
it harmful.
MRIs can create better
pictures of organs and soft
tissues, such as torn
ligaments and herniated
discs, compared to CT
images.
MRI are more detailed in
their images.
MRI uses magnetic field
so it safe.

21. CT-SCAN
 Mediastinal windows-
 Lung window-
 Bone window-
 3D CT reconstruction-

22. COMMON MRI SEQUENCES
 Repetition time (TR) and echo time (TE)

24. Image type Fat Water Advantage
T1 Bright Dark Anatomical
detail
T2 Intermediate Bright ++ edema
Fat
Suppressed
T2
Very Dark Very Bright ++++ edema

25. DWI-
Diffusion weighted
imaging
Measure of the magnitude of
diffusion (of water molecules)
within tissue.
ADC –
Apparent diffusion
coefficient
Specifically shows diffusion than
conventional DWI.
FLAIR-
Fluid-attenuated
inversion recovery
Reveals tissue T2 prolongation
with cerebrospinal fluid
suppression, allowing detection of
superficial brain lesions.
GRE-
Gradient echo sequences
Utilization of gradient fields to
generate transverse
magnetization. flip angles of less
than 90°.

26. SWI-
Susceptibility weighted
imaging
Exploits the magnetic
susceptibility differences of
various compounds, such as blood,
iron, and diamagnetic calcium,
thus enabling new sources of MR
contrast.
DTI-
Diffusion tensor imaging
Measures the rate of water
diffusion between cells to
understand and create a map of
the body's internal structures; it is
most commonly used to provide
imaging of the brain.
PD-
Proton density
PD however continues to offer
excellent signal distinction
between fluid, hyaline cartilage
and fibrocartilage, which makes
this sequence ideal in the
assessment of joints.

27. CONTRAST X-RAY
 Radiocontrast agents are substances used to enhance the visibility of
internal structures.
 The contrast agents absorb external X-rays, resulting in decreased
exposure on the x-ray detector.
 Positive contrast media : Barium, Iodine.
 Negative contrast media : Air ,Gas .

28. Contrast examination:
 Barium enema (large bowel investigation) and DCBE (double
contrast barium enema).
 Barium swallow (oesophageal investigation)
 Barium meal (stomach investigation)
 Barium follow through (stomach and small bowel investigation)
 IVU, (intravenous urogram)
 RGU & MCU (retrograde urethrogram & micturating cystogram)
 TTC (T-tube cholangiogram)
 Sialography

31. Barium meal Barium swallow
Barium follow through Barium enema