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1. ADVANCING OF POWER MANAGEMENT IN HOME WITH
SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY AND SENSOR NOSE
1Shaik Nagulmeera Nurjahan, 2 M Kezia Aruna Jyothi,
1
PG scholar of Embedded System , 2
Associate Professor
1, 2
Audisankara College Of Engineering and Technology [SANK] (Autonomous).
Abstract—The outline and improvement of a
shrewd monitoringand controlling framework for
family unit electrical apparatuses in realtime has
been accounted for in this paper. The framework
primarily screens electrical parameters of family
apparatuses, for example, voltage and current and
in this way computes the force devoured. The
curiosity of this framework is the usage of the
controlling system of apparatuses in various
ways. The created framework is an ease and
adaptable in operation and subsequently can
spare power cost of the purchasers. The model
has been widely tried, all things considered,
circumstances and test results are extremely
reassuring.
Index Terms—Energy management, home
automation, intelligent control framework,
remote sensor system, ZigBee.
INTRODUCTION
It is anticipated that administration and individual
consideration remote mechatronic frameworks
will turn out to be increasingly universal athome
soon and will be exceptionally helpful in assistive
social insurance especially for the elderly and
debilitated individuals Wireless mechatronic
frameworks comprise of various spatially
disperse sensors with limited information
accumulation and processing capability to
monitor the environmental situation. Wireless
sensor systems (WSNs) have turned out to be
progressively essential due to their capacity to
screen and oversee situational data for different
astute administrations. Due to those
advantages,WSNs has been connected in
numerous fields, for example, the military,
business, ecological checking, and medicinal
services TheWSNs are increasingly being
utilized as a part of the home for energy
controlling services. General family machines are
checked and controlled by WSNs introduced in
the home New advances incorporate front line
progressions in data innovation, sensors,
metering, transmission, conveyance, and power
stockpiling innovation, and in addition giving
new data and adaptability to both buyers and
suppliers of power. There has been outline and
advancements of shrewd meters foreseeing the
utilization of force utilization However, a ease,
adaptable, and strong framework to continuously
monitor and control based on consumer
requirements is at theearly stages of
development. In this study, we have planned and
actualized a ZigBee-based astute home vitality
administration and control administration. The
paper concentrates on human-accommodating
specialized answers for checking and simple
control of family apparatuses. The inhabitant’s
comfort will be increased and better assistance
can be provided. This paper accentuates the
acknowledgment of observing and controlling of
electrical machines from multiple points of view.
The created framework has the accompanying
distinct features. Use of Traic with opto-
disengaged driver for controlling electrical
machines: Household apparatuses are controlled
either remotely or automatically with the help of
fabricated shrewd detecting unit comprising of
triac –BT138 No chip/microcontroller: The
configuration of savvy detecting unit does not
require a preparing unit at the sensing end.
Adaptability in controlling the apparatuses:
Depending on the client necessities, machines
can be checked and controlled in various ways.
Section III-B talks about the different choices of
controlling the gadgets. Whatever remains of this
paper is composed as takes after: Section II
discusses the related work and investigation of
WSN’s constraintsfor home vitality
administration systems; Section III
providesdetailed usage of the developed system;
Section IVpresents the experimental results
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2. what's more, Section V has concludedand
discussed about the future work.
II. RELATED WORK
In this segment, we quickly discuss the existing
works aboutsmart home frameworks in light of
the wireless communication technology.The
proposed framework comprises of an
automaticstandby power cutoff outlet, a ZigBee
center and a server. The power outlet with a
ZigBee module cuts off the air conditioner power
when the vitality utilization of the gadget
associated with the power outlet is beneath a
settled value. The Master Node collects
informationfrom the power channels and controls
these power channels through the ZigBee
module. The Master Node sends the presentstate
data to a server and after that a client can screen
or control the present vitality utilization utilizing
the HEMS client interface. The essential idea of
this paper is a roaming sensor that moves the
suitable area and participates in the system when
the system is disconnected. The aforementioned
home checking and controlling systemshave
limitations with respect to true home automation
suchas: 1) energy consumption control
mechanism is limited to onlycertain devices like
light illuminations, whereas several
householdappliances can be controlled; 2) energy
control is based onfixed threshold power
consumption, which may not be applicableto
different consumers; 3) controlling the home
appliances through network management
functions, in practice inhabitant requirements
may differ as per their conduct yet not with
network characteristics.
Fig.1. Functional block diagram of the system.
III. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The framework has been intended for
measurement of electrical parameters of family
unit apparatuses. Important functions to
thesystem are the ease of modeling, setup, and
use. From the consumer
point of view, electrical power consumption of
various appliances in a house along with supply
voltage and current is the key parameter. Fig. 1
shows the functional description of thedeveloped
system to monitor electrical parameters and
controlappliances based on the consumer
requirements. The estimation of electrical
parameters of home appliances is done by
interfacing with created detecting modules. The
subtle elements of the outline and advancement
of the sensing modules are provided in the
following sections. The output signalsfrom the
sensors are integrated and connected to XBee
module for transmitting electrical parameters
data wirelessly. The XBee modules are interfaced
with various sensing devices and
interconnectedin the form of mesh topology to
have reliable datareception at a centralized
ZigBee coordinator. The maximumdistance
between the adjacent ZigBee nodes is under 10
m, and through hopping technique of the mesh
topology, reliablesensor fusion data has been
performed. The ZigBee coordinator has been
connected through the USBcable of the host
computer, which stores the data into a databaseof
computer system. The gathered sensor
combination information have been sent to a web
private door for remote monitoring and
controlling The smart power metering circuit is
connectedto mains 230 V/50 Hz supply. Fig. 2
shows different appliancesconnected to the
developed smart sensing systemwell as for the
safety of the electroniccircuit
𝐼 𝑎𝑐𝑡=𝑚2*𝑣 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑_𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒_𝑓𝑜𝑟_𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡(2)
where𝑚2 is the scaling factor obtained from Fig.
5, different values ofm2 to be used for different
current transformers. 𝐼 𝑎𝑐𝑡 is the actual current;
𝑉 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑_𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒_𝑓𝑜𝑟_𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 is the measured
sensing voltage for current. The created
framework incorporates two current
transformers; one is used for the measurements of
loads up to 100Wand the other current
transformer is used for the measurements of loads
ISBN-13: 978-1539045540
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Proceedings of ICEEM-2016-Chennai
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3. from 100 to 2000 W. The reason of providing two
transformers is to provide two load outlets at the
same sensing node. The quantity of turns is
increased up to five turns to improve the
resolutionof the low current signal. Both yields
from the present transformers are fed to the
analog input channels of ZigBee.
3) Power Measurement: In request to ascertain
force of a solitary stage air conditioning circuit,
the result of root mean square (RMS) voltage and
RMS current must be increased by the force
variable as given in (3). Power component is the
cosine of the stage point of voltage and current
waveforms as shown in the Fig. 6 for anideal
situation
𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑡= 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠× 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠× 𝑃𝑓(3)
Where Pact is the actual power, 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠and 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 the
RMSvalues of voltage and current, respectively,
and 𝑃𝑓is the power factor. The yield sign of the
present transformer completely depends on the
nature of the connected appliances whether
theconnected load is purely resistive, capacitive,
or inductive. Inmost of the domestic appliances,
the output waveforms are notpure sinusoidal as
shown in the following graphs Fig. 7(a)–(d)for
different loading conditions. he power
consumedby the appliances is calculated in the
computer systemafter receiving voltage outputs
from corresponding current andvoltage sensors
by the following equation:
𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑙= 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑡× 𝐼 𝑎𝑐𝑡× 𝐶𝑓
where𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑙 is the calculated power; 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑡 the yield
voltage as given in (1); 𝐼 𝑎𝑐𝑡the current value as
given in (2); and 𝐶𝑓is thecorrection factor.From
the low percentage error of power, it has been
decided that power can be calculated without
considering power factor.
B. Control of Home Appliances
The current paper is novel in terms of other
reported literaturedue to its control features.
Smart Power Metering System integrated With
Traic. For switching on/off of the electrical
appliances, we have used atriac-BT138 This
enables the consumer for flexibility incontrolling
the devices: The users (inhabitants) have the
optionsof switching the device on/off in three
different ways. Thus, the client has the
adaptability in controlling the electrical
appliances through the developed prototype.
Monitoring consumption of power of the
appliances, data are collected by a smart
coordinator, which saves all data in the system for
processing and in addition for future use. The
prepared voltage, current, and force qualities are
displayed on the graphical UI running on a
computer. The handled information are precise
and user friendly. The sensing system in the
sensor hub measures the parameters (voltage and
current).
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
A savvy power observing and control framework
has been designed and developed toward the
usage of an intelligent building. The created
framework viably screens and controls the
electrical apparatus utilizations at an elderly
home.Thus, the real-time monitoring of the
electrical appliances canbe viewed through a
website. The framework can be extended for
monitoring the whole intelligent building. We
aim to determinethe areas of daily peak hours of
electricity usage levels and comewith a solution
by which we can lower the consumption
andenhance better utilization of already limited
resources during peak hours. The sensor systems
are customized with different client interfaces
suitable for clients of shifting capacity and for
master users such that the framework can be
maintained easily and interactedwith very simply.
This concentrate additionally intends to assess
consumer’s response toward perceptions of smart
grid technologies, their advantages and
disadvantages, possible concerns, and overall
perceived utility. The created framework is
hearty and adaptable in operation. Forthe last
three months, the system was able to perform the
remote monitoring and control of appliances
effectively. Local and remote user interfaces are
anything but difficult to handle by a learner
consumer and are efficient in handling the
operations. In future, the system will be
integrated with co-systems like smart home
inhabitant behavior recognitions systems
ISBN-13: 978-1539045540
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Proceedings of ICEEM-2016-Chennai
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4. todetermine the wellness of the inhabitant in
terms of energy consumption.
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ISBN-13: 978-1539045540
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Proceedings of ICEEM-2016-Chennai
©IIRDEM 201632

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Authors profile:
Shaik Nagulmeera Nurjahan is
currently PG scholar of embedded
systems in Audisankara College of
Engineering and Technology
(Autonomous)
M Kezia Aruna Jyothi, M.tech.,
working as Associate Professor in
Department of ECE at Audisankara
College of Engineering and
Technology, (Autonomous) M tech
passed in 2006, having 10 years of
experience.
ISBN-13: 978-1539045540
www.iirdem.org
Proceedings of ICEEM-2016-Chennai
©IIRDEM 201633