This article shows the research work done on the cognitive modeling of 1D conductive heat transfer in a monolayer plane wall. The unsteady regime reigns in general formulation in the solid region of the wall. Physical modeling is based on the unidirectional thermal conduction equation with convective conditions at the outer surfaces. The relative analytical study resulted in a result serving as a basis for the neural network we used. For the function approximation, two large families of neural networks are potentially exploitable such as the GRBF (Gaussian Radial Basis Functions or Gaussian Radial Functions Base) network and the PMC (Perceptron Multi-Layer). In our research, we used the multilayer perceptron to model the thermal conduction through a wooden wall. Since performance is an indicator that allows us to choose the model that best represents the physical phenomenon that we are simulating, we presented the variations in the performance of each model as a function of the number of neurons and the number of learning loops. In the training phase, we instructed our model of input and output data to which it must converge. The results show that this cognitive modeling offers several possibilities in its field of application according to some adjustable parameters such as the number of neurons and the learning loop.