This is an approach for formulation of generalized field based data model for the process of tractor axle drilling workstation. Field based data modeling is applicable for any type of man-machine system. It forms the relationship between input and output variables. This type of modeling is used for improving the performance of system by suggesting or modifying the inputs for improving output. The process of axle drilling at Asha Industries Pvt. Ltd. is a man-machine system. The mathematical model will be useful in selecting the input variables so as to reduce human energy consumption and to improve the productivity. The quality of environment in workplace may simply determine the level of employee’s motivation, performance and productivity.The Tractor axle drilling process which is considered for study is a complex phenomenon & hence studies of environmental factors and its assessment while performing axle drilling is main objective of this paper.

1. International Journal of Engineering and Creative Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2018
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Study of Environmental Factors at Machining
Workstation -A Methodology
R.D Thakre 1
, Dr S.G.Patil 2
, Dr G V Thakre3
1
Assistant Professor, 2
Professor,3
Professor
1,3
BDCE, Sevagram Wardha, Maharashtra, India
2
IBSS Engg, College, Amravati, Maharashtra
Abstract – This is an approach for formulation of generalized field based data model for the process of tractor axle
drilling workstation. Field based data modeling is applicable for any type of man-machine system. It forms the relationship
between input and output variables. This type of modeling is used for improving the performance of system by suggesting
or modifying the inputs for improving output. The process of axle drilling at Asha Industries Pvt. Ltd. is a man-machine
system. The mathematical model will be useful in selecting the input variables so as to reduce human energy consumption
and to improve the productivity. The quality of environment in workplace may simply determine the level of employee’s
motivation, performance and productivity.The Tractor axle drilling process which is considered for study is a complex
phenomenon & hence studies of environmental factors and its assessment while performing axle drilling is main objective
of this paper.
Keywords- Axle Drilling, Environment, Human Energy, Productivity, Workstation.
I- INTRODUCTION
Lighting, noise, temperature and humidity are some of
the important parameters which humans exposed with
regards to the environment in which they live and work.
The effects of environmental parameters have a direct
effect on the production quality levels and physiological
functioning capacity of human being. It is therefore very
important to study each and every environmental
parameter ergonomically. Workplace conditions such as
extreme hot/cold, noise and poor light have direct or
indirect effects on job performance. The aim of this
study measure work environment parameters such as
lighting, noise, temperature and humidity and to assess
the safety measures in industries. This paper highlights
the methods for assessment of environmental factors at
drilling workstation.
II-LITERATURE REVIEW
N. Kamarulzaman (2011) et al. presents a several
environmental factors which directly or indirectly affect
employees work performance. A.R. Ismail (2009) et al.
were noted that relative humidity influencing employee
perception on the comfortable during working and the
production rate for the workstation can be predicted base
on the value of temperature and relative humidity.
Angela June Summers (1989) has presented the lighting
is one of several factors in an individual's working
environment. According to DemetLeblebici (2012) the
analysis of workingenvironment of a foreign private
bank in Turkey and examines the relationship between
theworkplace physical conditions and employee’s
productivity. The analysis of the working environment at
different public sector organizations and the research
done to understand the performance level of the
employees due to the work environment that noted by
Dr. K. Chandrasekar (2011).Padmini D.S. (2012) et
al.has study was to measure workenvironment
parameters such as lighting, noise, temperature and
humidity and also to assess thesafety measures practiced
in garment industries using a checklist.

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Aims and Objectives:
1. To understand relationship between the
employees and their work environment.
2. To suggest the measures to improve the working
conditions for better performance.
3. To determine the impact of work environment on
employees productivity.
III-MATERIALS & METHODS
A. Selection of Study Location:
In the manufacturing of tractor at Asha Industry Pvt .Ltd,
MIDC, Wardha, the axel drilling is an important
operation where the manual lifting and lowering of the
heavy weight axle occurred at drilling workstation. The
workstation which has many problems with environment
factors is highlighted in this study. A workstation is
selected to assess the effect of the temperature, humidity,
air velocity, noise, and lighting on the worker
productivity.
B. Environmental Factors Affecting:
In industry the productivity can be increased in a variety
of ways. A comfortable working environment can do
more than make workers happy, It can improve
productivity as well. In fact, some studies claim that
measures such as raising workplace temperature can
have a drastic effect on productivity. In general, studies
of the ambient features in industry environments like
noise, lighting, temperature, humidity (2).
Methodology:
Study of existing process:
In everyday language weather means such qualities as
wet or fine, warm or cold. For most people, such
descriptive terms are adequate. However, many
industries today require more quantitative assessments of
the weather, with the use of standardized terms measured
by suitably designed instruments. The science of the
study of weather is called meteorology; the
meteorologist measures temperature, humidity, noise,
lighting. Identification and which instrument to measure
of temperature, humidity, noise, lighting:
Temperature:
The hotness or coldness of a substance is called its
temperature. Temperature are measured by instrument is
Thermometers. The instrument usually used to measure
air temperature is the maximum-minimum temperature.
The degree Celsius unit of thermodynamic temperature.
The thermometer consists of a hollow glass bulb
attached to a narrow stem with a thread-like bore as
shown in fig1:
Fig1:- Thermometer
Thermometers are really measuring their own
temperature; They are usually needed to measure the
temperature of the surrounding air.
Humidity:
Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the air. The
instrument that measures humidity is called a
Hygrometer. A hygrometer is an instrument that
measures relative humidity in air. A device that
measures the temperature of a wet bulb and dry bulb
simultaneously as shown in fig 2. The wet bulb should
be cooler, because water evaporates from the bulb taking
energy [7]. The temperature at which condensation sets
in is called the dew point. The difference between wet
and dry bulb temperatures is used to calculate the
various measures of humidity.
Fig 2:Hyrometer
Noise or Sound:
Noise means any unwanted sound. Noise or sound are
measured by instrument is a sound level meter (dBA) or
sound meter as shown in fig 3. It is commonly used in
noise pollution studies for the quantification of different
kinds of noise, especially for industrial, environmental
and aircraft noise (4).Measuring noise levels and
workers noise exposures is the most important part of a
workplace hearing conservation and noise control.

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Fig: 3 Sound level meter
Light:
Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Human eye
has the capability to detect or sense some part of the
complete electromagnetic spectrum.The fixed value of
the speed of light in SI units results from the fact that the
meter is now defined in terms of the speed of light
(3).The amount of light in an area can be measured using
a light meter (or lux meter).
Fig 4:- light meter
Good lighting in the workplace promotes: Better
concentration and accuracy in work; A brighter, cleaner
workplace resulting in a more active, cheerful
environment.
IV- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The details of work environment factor in the
manufacturing of tractor at Asha Industry Pvt .Ltd,
MIDC, Wardha are presented in Table 1. The lighting
levels ranged from 176 – 918 lux with a mean of 410
lux. The noise level ranged from 74 dBA to 102 dBA
with a mean of 91.7 dBA.
Table 1: Details of work environment at Asha Industries,
Wardha.(Maharastra)
Parameter Range Mean
Lighting (lux) 176 – 918 410
Noise(dBA) 76 – 102 91.7
Temperature (0
C) 28 – 37 34.8
Humidity (℅) 25 –59 44.5
The temperature in the industries ranged from 28o
C to
37o
C with a mean of 34.8o
C. Humidity in the industries
ranged from 25% to 59% with a mean of 44.5%. By the
norms, the optimum humidity of the air is 40% to 60%,
while permitted humidity is up to 70%. The humidity of
the air may influence the health and comfort ofthe
workers in industry.
REFERENCES
[1] N. Kamarulzaman, A. A. Saleh, S. Z. Hashim, H.
Hashim, A. A. Abdul-Ghani, “An Overview of the
Influence of Physical Office Environments towards
Employees”,Procedia Engineering 20 (2011), PP 262
– 268.
[2] A.R. Ismail, M. R. A. Rani, Z. K. M. Makhbul, M. J.
M. Nor, and M. N. A. Rahman, “A Study of
Relationship between WBGT and Relative Humidity
to Worker Performance”. World Academy of
Science, Engineering and Technology Vol: 3 (2009),
PP 03-20.
[3] Angela June Summers,” Lighting and the Office
Environment: A Review”, the Australian Journal of
Physiotherapy. Vol. 35, No.1, (1989), PP 15-24.
[4] DemetLeblebici, “Impact of Workplace Quality on
Employee’s Productivity”, Journal of Business,
Economics & Finance (2012), Vol.1 (1), PP 38-49.
[5] Dr. K. Chandrasekar, “Workplace Environment and
Its Impact on Organisational Performance in Public
Sector Organisations”, International Journal of
Enterprise Computing and Business Systems.Vol. 1
Issue 1 January (2011), PP 01-19.
[6] Padmini D.S. and Venmathi A, “Unsafe Work
Environment in Garment Industries, Tirupur, India”,
Journal of Environmental Research And
Development, Vol. 7 No. 1A, July-September
(2012), pp 569-575.
[7] Mark S. Sanders, “Human Factors in Engineering &
Design”, McGraw-Hill International Editions,
(1992), PP 511-522.