1. Aim: How did African-Americans challenge segregation
after World War II?
Do Now:
a) Read the passage about racism following WWII and
answer the discussion questions.
Homework:
a)Study for the Regents
b) Review Classes on Tuesday and Thursday afternoon
in 250
2. Racism in America
1. What is segregation?
• The enforced separation of different racial groups
in a country, community, or establishment.
2. What were the two executive orders issued by
President Truman?
• One instituted fair employment practices in the
civilian agencies of the Federal government, while
the other desegregated the armed forces.
3. Why can’t the U.S. just ignore the criticism from
the Soviet Union or China?
• As leaders of the free world, we cannot take a
stance on freedom and equality, while racism
existed in America
3. Civil War Amendments
13th (1865) Outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude, except as
punishment for a crime.
14th (1868) Its Due Process Clause prohibits state and local
governments from depriving persons of life, liberty, or
property without certain steps being taken to ensure
fairness.
Its Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide
equal protection under the law to all people within its
jurisdiction.
15th (1870) Prohibits the federal and state governments from
denying a citizen the right to vote based on that
citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".
4. Types of Segregation
de facto segregation – racial segregation established
by practice and custom, not by law.
de jure segregation – racial segregation established
by law.
5. The Civil Rights Movement: The Role of Youths in
the Struggle
1. In addition to the well-known leaders, who played a
significant role in the Civil Rights Movement of the
1950s and 1960s in the struggle for racial equality?
2. Despite the inclusive language of the Declaration of
Independence, who were some of the people that were
excluded from full participation in American society at
the time it was enacted?
3. Describe segregation in the South during this time.
Was segregation different in the North?
6. The Civil Rights Movement: The Role of Youths in
the Struggle
4. Why was the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v.
Ferguson considered so important?
5. Why was Brown v. Board of Education considered
such a landmark case?
6. What caught your attention most about the events
surrounding the desegregation of Little Rock’s Central
High School? How did you feel watching the footage?
7. The Civil Rights Movement: The Role of Youths in
the Struggle
7. Define “civil disobedience.” How was it used by
students in the Civil Rights Movement?
8. How did you feel watching the footage of the
Children’s Crusade in Birmingham? Why?
9. What important act was signed into law by President
Johnson after the events of Bloody Sunday in Selma,
Alabama?
10. What ideas do you have for breaking down the
racial barriers that exist between people today?
10. Brown v. Board of Education is ruled
on by the Supreme Court. The case
overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and
said segregated facilities were
unequal and led to the integration of
the nation's public schools
11. Rosa Parks refused to give up her
seat to a white passenger; she was
arrested for disobeying an Alabama
law requiring black people to
relinquish seats to white people.
12. Martin Luther King Jr. emerges as a
leader of the Civil Rights Movement
and leads the Montgomery Bus
Boycott.
13. Little Rock Crisis- Schools in Little
Rock, Arkansas refused to admit
African-Americans to all-white
schools and President Eisenhower
authorized the U.S. Army to escort
and protect African-American
students.
14. Freedom Rides - Protest to end the
segregation of bus terminals where
riders encountered violence but
refused to give up and the Interstate
Commerce Commission bans
segregation in transportation.
15. University of Alabama - Gov. George C.
Wallace refused African-American
students to register for classes and
President Kennedy authorized the use
of the National Guard to enforce
integration.
16. Birmingham, Alabama - MLK called it
"the most segregated city in the
United States," - Demonstrators met
with police dogs, electric cattle prods,
and high-pressure fire hoses that were
strong enough to strip a tree of its
bark
17. March on Washington – Massive
demonstration in Washington, D.C. –
Martin Luther King Jr. Delivers his “I
Have A Dream” Speech.
18. Civil Rights Act provided protection of
voting rights, public facilities to all
races, and job opportunities.
23. Voting Rights Act ends all literacy
tests and establishes 30 day residency
requirements.
24. African American Militancy
The militants believed in Black Power. New groups
challenged traditional, non-violent organizations
like the N.A.A.C.P. Black Panthers demanded
reparations for centuries of discrimination. Black
Muslims believed African Americans should have
their own state. Malcolm X, a Black Muslim,
argued for meeting violence, with violence, but he
moderated his views after a pilgrimage to Mecca.
He urged black to control their own communities.
Rival Muslims assassinated him in 1965.
