Cancer is caused by DNA mutations that alter key genes and regulatory processes, leading cells to grow uncontrollably. These genetic alterations are passed down to daughter cells, allowing cancer cells to outcompete normal cells through clonal expansion and tumor formation. Understanding the molecular basis of cancer helps guide treatment by targeting cellular and molecular abnormalities fueling cancer growth and progression.

2. Canceris a genetic and metabolic disorder caused by DNA mutations
that are (for the most part) acquired spontaneous or
induced by environmental insults

3. *The cure for cancer can occur only by
knowing deeply about the
pathogenesis and molecular basis of
cancer .
*Understanding cellular and
molecular abnormalities in cancer
helps in treating cancer .

12.  MUTATIONS
 Genetic changes
 Functions of key genes affected
 Regulatory fundamental process alters (Growth
,survival , senescence etc.. )

17. * These genetic alterations are heritable, being passed to
daughter cells upon cell division. As a result, cells
harboring these alterations are subject to darwinian
selection (survival of the fittest)
* The cancer cell have more favourable
conditions and grows more than the
neighbouring cell.
* Single cancer cell gives its progeny i.e
called as CLONE or TUMOUR

29.  1.parenchyma : The parenchyma of neoplasm largely
determines its biological behaviour and its components from
which the tumor derives its name.
 2.Stroma :
it contains ( connective tissue , blood vessels ,host
derived inflammatory cells ).
 Stroma supports the cancer cell
 Crucial for the growth of neoplasm and supports
parenchyma cells

68. Sustained angiogenesis