Bismuth ferrite is a rhombohedral, multi-ferroic material with a Curie temperature of 825°C and Neel temperature of 360°C. It exhibits ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism simultaneously. Bismuth ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel method, which is a bottom-up approach involving hydrolysis and condensation of bismuth nitrate, iron nitrate, nitric acid, and citric acid solutions. The nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, which revealed a crystalline size of approximately 33.87 nm matching literature values. Nanoparticle characterization is important for understanding synthesis and applications in areas such as memory devices, telecommunications, and sensors.

2. Bismuth Ferrite
Rhombohedral Structure.
Multi-ferroic.
Curie temperature(tc=825 c)
Neel tempreature (tN=360 c)

3. MULTIFERROICS (Definition)
s
⚫Materials thatsimultaneou
exhibit twoor more ferroic
properties in the same
phase.
Ferroelectric(anti)
Ferromagnetic(anti)
Ferroelastic(anti)

4. Advantages of
BFO Nano Particles
Used in
•Memory Devices
• Telecommunication
• Sensors

6. Synthesis of BFO
⚫Synthesis refers toa combination of two
or more entities that together form
something new.
⚫Twoapproaches…
Top-down Bottom-up

7. TOP - DOWN BOTTOM - UP
⚫ Breaking Down Matter into
more basic building blocks.
⚫ Fabrication is often more
easily
⚫ A lot of material is wasted
⚫ Used in Fibres.
⚫ Useful in making large scale
nanostructure.
⚫ Building up complex systems
by combining Simple atomic
level components.
⚫ Limitations in how big
structures can be made
⚫ This approach leads to less
wastage.
⚫ Approach Used currently.
⚫ Nature use this approach.

9. Method in which solid particles are dispersed in
Liquid(sol) and togetherthey form a 3-D network
extending throughoutthe liquid(gel).
•Involves hydrolysis.
•Low temperatureprocess.
•By this, wegetamorphous nanocrystals.
•Being a Bottom-Upapproach, this method is cost
effective.

10. Steps Involved in typical Sol Gel Method
Hydrolysis
Condensation
Gelation
Ageing
Drying

11. Distilled Water 90 ml
Bismuth Nitrate 4.04g
Iron nitrate 4.8507g
Nitric acid 20 ml
Citric acid 3.8424 g

12. Synthesis Flow Chart
Distilled Water
Mixed Solution
Bismuth nitrate Citric Acid+
Iron Nitrate Solution
Heating UnderVigorous Stirring
Brownish Viscous Resin
Auto Combustion
Brown Powder is formed
Calcinated
BiFeO3
Nitric acid

13. Observations
1. SOL
2. GEL
3. AUTO
COMBUSTI
ON
4. GRINDED

14. Advantages of SOL - GEL Method
1. Cheap Method
2. Homogeneous Compound can beachieved.
3. Verysmall particle size can beobtained.
4. Low operating temperature .

16. Characterization
Characterization refers to the study of material’s features
such as its composition, structure,& various properties like
physical, electrical, magnetic etc.
In our experiment , we use X-Ray Diffraction
method to study the crystal structure of BFO
nano particles obtained.

17. X-rays
• Consistsof high Energy Photons (em waves).
•EM radiation with wavelength from 0.01 nm to 10 nm falls into
categoryof X- ray.
• K.E. of a moving electron is converted intoa photon.
• Inverse Photoelectriceffect.
• Unaffected by Electric and Magnetic fields.
• Fasterthe electron, more penetrating resulting X-rays.
• Greaterthe numberof electrons, greater intensityof X-ray beam.

18. X-ray Diffraction
XRD can be used to look at various characteristics of the single crystal or
polycrystalline materials using Bragg’s Law ,
nλ = 2d sinθ

19. Powder Method
radiation
Specimen consist of million of
powderparticles, each oriented
randomly in space.
i s fixed, K
 is variable.

20. X-Ray Characterstic Radiation
Target Wavelength (A)
Mo 0.71
Cu 1.54
Co 1.79
Fe 1.94
Cr 2.29

21. For Hexagonal Lattice
Where and

23. Observation

24. Observations Continued……..

25. a = 5.880 nm
c = 139.040 nm
v = 376 (A)^3
Thesevalues aregiven by JCPDS cards.
Numberof atoms in a unitcell can be calculated
and found to be 6.

26. From Debye Scherrer Formula

D = Crystallinesize
 = wavelengthof X-rayused
 = peak width
 = angleat maximum intensity peak

27. Result and Discussion
Crystalline size is found using Debye Scherrer formula=
33.87 nm.
Prepared nano particles were characterized by XRD.
The results are in concurrencewith existing literature.
0
We have prepared Bismuth Ferrite Nano particles using
electrospinning method.
Nano particles were heated at 400 c te
0
mperature in order to
get pure phase.

28. Nanoparticle-based technologies
cover different fields of science.
Nanoparticles, are key components
in the development of new
advanced technologies.
Nanoparticle characterization is
to establish
and control of
synthesis and
necessary
understanding
nanoparticle
applications.

29. Acknowledgements
Special Thanks to :::
Prof. Binay Kumar sir
Abhishek sir
Harsh sir (P.hD. Scholar)
Abid sir (P.hD. Scholar)
Sanjaysir (P.hD. Scholar)

30. Any
Comments
or Queries