2. CBC/FBC Components
• Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
• Hematocrit (Hct)
• Hemoglobin (Hgb)
• Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
• Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin(MCH)
• Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
• Red cell distribution width (RDW)
• White Blood Cells (WBCs)
• Platelets
• Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
3. RED BLOOD CELLS(RBCs
Normal range
Males: 4.20 to 5.80 m/uL
Females : 3.80 to 5.20 m/uL
HEMOGLOBIN
Normal range
Hemoglobin :
M: 13.0 to 17.5 gm/ dL
F: 11.5 to 15.5 gm/ dL
HEMATOCRIT
% of the volume of whole blood that is made
up of red blood cells. (Hint: Hb x 3)
Normal range
M: 38 to 54 %
F: 34 to 46.5 %
MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME(MCV)
Formula HCT/RBC
Normal range
80-100fL
• small = microcytic
• normal = normocytic
• large = macrocytic
4. MEAN CORPUSCULAR
HAEMOGLOBIN(MCH)
• Measures the amount, or the mass, of
hemoglobin present in one RBC.
Formula=Hb/RBC count
Normal range
27-34 pg
• Decreased = hypochromic
• Normal = normochromic
• Increased = hyperchromic
MEAN CORPUSCULAR HAEMOGLOBIN
CONCENTRATION(MCHC)
• Measures the proportion of each cell taken up by
hemoglobin
Formula=Hb/HCT
Normal range
32- 36 gm/dl
RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH(RDW)
• Correlates with the degree of anisocytosis or
variation in red blood cell width.
Normal range
10-15%
• Low value indicates uniformity in size of RBCs
• High value indicates mixed population of small
and large RBCs
5. Haemoglobin
Elevated
Primary erythrocytosis
• Polycythemia Vera
Secondary erythrocytosis
• Chronic hypoxia(COPD,
heart disease, high altitude)
-Elevated erythropoietin
due to malignancy
Low
Anemia
• Microcytic
• Normocytic
• Macrocytic
Reticulocyte Production Index(RPI)
• Hyperproliferative(↑2.5)
• Hypoproliferative(↓2.5)
• Hypochromic
• Normochromic
• Hyperchromic
6.
7. White Blood Cells (WBC)
Normal range:
3.5 – 10.5x10⁹ /L
Two types of WBC:
1) Granulocytes:
– Neutrophils: 50 - 70%
– Eosinophils: 1 - 5%
– Basophils: up to 1%
2) Agranulocytes:
- Lymphocytes: 20 - 40%
– Monocytes: 1 - 6%
8. The Neutrophil
Neutrophilia – an increase in neutrophils
• Bacterial infections
• Tissue destruction (burns)
• Inflammation (SLE, RA, UC)
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Cigarette smoking
• Corticosteroids
• B-agonist
• Leukemia
• Myeloproliferative disorders
• Allergies
• Post splenectomy
Neutropenia – a decrease in neutrophils
• Decreased bone marrow production
•Medications:
cephalosporins,Cotrimoxazole,Chlorpromazine,
dapsone, sirolimus, mycophenolate mofetil,
tacrolimus, cyclosporine,carbimazole,Propyl
thiouracil,Ticlopidine,phenytoin,
Chemotherapy.
• Immune related (ex. SLE, RA)
• Post acute infection (HSV, CMV, HIV, EBV)
• Zinc & Copper deficiency
• Vitamin B12, folate deficiency
• Autoimmune neutropenia
9. The Eosinophil
Eosinophilia:↑eosinophil count
• Parasitic infections
• Allergic conditions and hypersensitivity
reaction
• Aspergillosis
• Vasculitis
• Some cancers, leukemias or lymphomas
• Drug reactions
• Inflammatory disorders (celiac disease,
inflammatory bowel disease)
Eosinopenia:↓Eosinophil count
• Sepsis
10. The Basophils
Basophilia-↑Basophils
• Rare allergic reactions (hives, food
allergy)
• Inflammation (rheumatoid arthritis,
ulcerative colitis)
• Chronic myelocytic leukemia.
• Polycythemia
Basopenia :↓Basophils
• numbers are normally low in the blood
• usually not medically significant
• Corticosteroid therapy,
• Drug induced reactions
• Acute pyogenic infections
• Hyperthyroidism.
• Pregnancy
