Case Study: Eastern Seaboard Development and its Impacts on Communities in Lamchabang City, Chonburi, Thailand, Somnuck Jongmeewasin
1.
S
Experiences in Working
inthe Affected Communities,
Case Study:
Eastern Seaboard Development and its
Impacts against Communities in
Lamchabang City, Chonburi,
East of Thailand
By
Somnuck Jongmeewasin, Ph.D.
Community Researcher, Chonburi
23 November 2015
Deep Seaport /Industrial Estate
1981 - 1994
S Lamchabang Deep Seaport Phase I
(1987 – 1991, 6.4 sq.km)
S Lamchabang Industrial Estate
(around 9.6 sq.km)
S Map Tha Phut Deep Seaport
S Map Tha Phut Industrial Estate
6.
Deep Seaport /Industrial Estate
1995 - Present
S Lamchabang Deep Seaport Phase II
(1997 – 2001, 6.4 sq.km)
S More Deep Seaports & Industrial
Estates in Chonburi (2015: 20 IEs with
4,200 Plants)
S More Deep Seaports & Industrial
Estates in Rayong
S New Industrial Estates in
Chacheongsao, Prachinburi, Nakon
Nayok, Sa Kaeo, Trat, & Chanthaburi
7.
Eastern Seaboard Developmentand its
Impacts against Communities in
Lamchabang City – Main Problems
Land Grabbing –
Impact of Food Source
@Government Deep Seaports
Using Expropriation Act
10.2 sq.km in 1978 & 50 sq.km in 19996
8.
Land Grabbing –
Impactof Food Source
@Private Deep Seaports
Gradually Buying and Leasing
From Low Price to High Price
9.
Food Safety –Particle Matters
by Poor Port Operations
& Poor Shipping Practices
10.
Food Safety –Particle Matters
became Ocean Wastes
& Air Pollution
PAH in Sediment,surrounding
Lamchabang Deep Seaport
S During 1999 – 2000, high PAH was detected from sediment
samples surrounding Lamchabang Deep Seaport.
S The PAH test was done by Kasetsart University (Thailand) &
University of Strathclyde (Scotland).
S During 1997 – 2001, Lamchabang Deep Seaport Phase 2 was
being constructed.
S During the construction period, local communities found
sediment leak from the silt curtain screen into Banglamung Bay.
14.
Heavy Metals inLargescale Tongue Sole
(Flounder), surrounding
Lamchabang ‘s Fishing Area
S During September – November 2003, Lead and Arsenic
higher than Public Health Standards were detected from
“Largescale Tongue Sole” samples surrounding
Lamchabang’s fishing area.
S The both heavy metal tests were done by Kasetsart
University (Thailand) & Chulalongkorn University
(Thailand).
15.
Big Accidents –Chemical Leak /
Chemical Explosion / Fire / etc.
EX:
S Thai Oil Refinery Plant – Tank Farm’s Explosion in 1999
S Lamchabang Deep Seaport – Bromine Leak in 2009
S Lamchabang Deep Seaport – Fire inside Container in 2011
S Kerry Siam Seaport – Ship Containing Metal Sheet Sunk in 2012
S Lamchabang Deep Seaport – Butyl Acetate Leak in 2014
S Sriracha Harbor Deep Seaport – Coal Fire on Barge (Flat-Bottomed
Boat) Sunk in 2014
17.
Material Safety DataSheet
Bromine, p.a.
MSDS# 95925
Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification
MSDS Name:
Bromine, p.a.
Catalog Numbers:
19666-0000, 19666-0010, 19666-0250, 19666-2500, 40284-0000, 40284-0010,
40284-1000, 40284-5000, 61174-0500, B/4000/PB05, B/4000/PB08,
B/4050/PB05,
B/4050/PB07, B/4050/PB08, B/4055/PB05, B/4055/PB07, B/4055/PB08
Synonyms:
Dibromine; Diatomic bromine; Bromine molecule.
Company Identification: Fisher Scientific UK
Bishop Meadow Road, Loughborough
Leics. LE11 5RG
For information in Europe, call:(01509) 231166
Emergency Number, Europe:01509 231166
Section 2 - Composition, Information on Ingredients
----------------------------------------
CAS#: 7726-95-6
Chemical Name: Bromine
%: >99
EINECS#: 231-778-1
----------------------------------------
Hazard Symbols:
T+ C N
Risk Phrases:
26 35 50
Section 3 - Hazards Identification
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Very toxic by inhalation. Causes severe burns. Very toxic to aquatic
organisms.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Causes eye burns. Lachrymator (substance which increases the flow
of tears). Vapors may cause eye injury. May cause permanent
corneal opacification.
Skin:
Contact with liquid is corrosive and causes severe burns and
ulceration.
Ingestion:
Causes gastrointestinal tract burns.
Inhalation:
May be fatal if inhaled. Causes chemical burns to the respiratory
tract. Bromine vaporizes rapidly at room temperature. Potential
symptoms of overexposure are dizziness, headache, nosebleed,
coughing, feeling of oppression, pulmonary edema and pneumonia.
Chronic:
Prolonged inhalation may cause respiratory tract inflammation and
lung damage.
Section 4 - First Aid Measures
Eyes:
In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for
at least 15 minutes. Get medical aid immediately.
Skin:
In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for
21.
Safety data sheet
BUTYLACRYLATE
Revision date : 2005/10/26 Page: 1/8
Version: 5.0 (30041258/MDS_GEN_US/EN)
1. Substance/preparation and company identification
24 Hour Emergency Response InformationCompany
BASF CORPORATION
100 Campus Drive
Florham Park, NJ 07932
CHEMTREC: (800) 424-9300
BASF HOTLINE: (800) 832-HELP
Molecular formula : C7 H12 O2
Chemical family: organic acids, esters
Synonyms: ACRYLIC ACID, BUTYL ESTER
2. Composition/information on ingredients
CAS Number Content (W/W) Chemical name
141-32-2 99.5 % n-butyl acrylate
150-76-5 >= 10.0 - <= 120.0
PPM
MEHQ
3. Hazard identification
Emergency overview
DANGER: FLAMMABLE LIQUID. CAUSES EYE BURNS.
CAUSES SKIN BURNS.
TOXIC IF ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN.
CONTAINS MATERIAL THAT MAY CAUSE ADVERSE REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS IN FEMALES.
SENSITIZER.
CAN CAUSE LIVER DAMAGE.
Use with local exhaust ventilation.
Wear a NIOSH-certified (or equivalent) organic vapour/particulate respirator.
Wear NIOSH-certified chemical goggles.
Wear protective clothing.
Eye wash fountains and safety showers must be easily accessible.
Wear full face shield if splashing hazard exists.
Potential health effects
Primary routes of exposure
Routes of entry for solids and liquids include eye and skin contact, ingestion and inhalation. Routes of entry
for gases include inhalation and eye contact. Skin contact may be a route of entry for liquified gases.
Acute toxicity:
Harmful by inhalation. Virtually nontoxic after a single ingestion. Virtually nontoxic after a single skin contact.
Inhalation-risk test (IRT): Mortality within 8 hours as shown in animal studies. The inhalation of a highly
saturated vapor-air mixture may represent a hazard.
Irritation:
Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
22.
Relevant Diseases
Bromine Leakin 2009
Health Check for Local Communities affected
by Bromine Leak in 2009
(25 – 30 November 2009)
- 417 persons were examined.
- The doctors at Ao Udom Hospital found 39
persons with CHEMICAL IRRITATION, POSIONING
TOXIC, EYE IRRITATION, and CHEMICAL
CONJUNCTIVITIS.
23.
Respiratory Disease in2010
Random Check-Up
S Local community at Ao Udom, 148 persons out of
3,000 persons were examined for respiratory
disease and its relevant diseases.
S Through several health exam including lung exam
(X-RAY), the doctors at Ao Udom Hospital found:-
S Cardiomegaly = 6 persons
S Bronchial Mucosal Thickening = 54 persons
S Pulmonary Fibrosis = 3 persons
S Calcified Pulmonary Modules = 1 person
S Others = 2 persons
S No Issue = 76 persons
Tools & Mechanisms
Assistingthe Communities
to Manage the Problems (1)
1. Defining Problem Boundary (Study Boundary)
2. Situation Analysis (Scoping & Assessing) through:-
S 4 Knowledges of Sustainable Management
S Knowing Community Identity (Value)
S Knowing Community Heritage (Resource)
S Natural Heritage / Cultural Heritage
S Tangible / Intangible Heritage
S Knowing Community Problem / Impact (Seeing the Same Problem)
S Knowing Community Future (Finding the Same Solution)
28.
Tools & Mechanisms
Assistingthe Communities
to Manage the Problems (2)
*** Knowing Community Future ***
S Economic Wealth à Win-Win
S Social Well-Beings
S Environmental Wellness à Rehabilitation/Conservation
S Sustaining Human Wisdom and Culture
S Balance of Globalization (Nationalization) and Localization
à Clear / Care / Fair / Share
S Democratization for Decision Making à Socioeconomic
Equality
29.
Tools & Mechanisms
Assistingthe Communities
to Manage the Problems (3)
3. Stakeholder Analysis
S All stakeholders in the community is ours
S Modernity of the Community
S Local People .. Fisherman / Blue Collar / White Collar / etc.
S Industrial Sector
S Local Government Sector
S National Government Sector
S FDI (Foreign Direct Investment)
S Foreign Labor
S Elderly
S Students / Childern
S Temple – Monks
S NGO / CSO
S Etc…
33.
Tools & Mechanisms
Assistingthe Communities
to Manage the Problems (4)
4. Defining Topic-Oriented Environmental & Health Charter
(Community Law / MOU / Community Guideline)
S Defining Mutual Benefits
S Local Community/Industrial Sector/Government
Sector
S Trade-off Master Plan
S Stopping Threat
S Protecting Food Source
S Jointly Shaping Sustainable Future
S Negotiable Master Plan for All Stakeholders (to get
integrated master plan .. plan for sustainability together)
34.
Tools & Mechanisms
Assistingthe Communities
to Manage the Problems (5)
*** Integrated Master Plan ***
S Community Heritage Development and Management Plan (Community
EIA/EHIA is a must for all new industrial projects, including plant
expansion)
S Sustainable Heritage Utilization Plan
S Conservation Plan / Rehabilitation Plan
S Community Problem Solving Plan
S Pollution Management Plan (with Monitoring Plan)
S Civil Political Management Plan (Council / Advisory Committee)
S Community Identity Conservation Plan (All Together .. CSR in Process)
S Continuous Knowledge Management Plan (ex. Learning Center)
S Community Network Management Plan (Expanding more networks)
Ao Udom Community
Illness/Deadrelating to environmental issues,
Mar 2014 – Oct 2015 (20 Months)
1,000 out of 3,000 are members
of the “Community Health Fund” program
Drawings
overview
Pipe
Layout
:
Overall
PTT
SEABERTH
ESSO
SHORE
1300
meter
Apprx.
SEA
ExisCng
pipe
line
(24”,18”,8”)
New
pipe
line
24”,
10
m.
offset
74.
Pipeline
&
CoaCng
SpecificaCon
Concrete
Weight
CoaCng
-‐ Portland
Cement
Marine
Type
-‐ Reinforcing
steel
mesh
shall
be
galvanized
steel
poultry
neZng
having
a
1-‐
1/
2
inch
(38.0
mm)
-‐ Reinforcing
shall
be
spirally
applied
-‐ minimum
compressive
strength
of
not
less
than
3,000
pounds
per
square
inch
(210
ksc)
Aluminums
bracelet
Concrete
coaCng
5
cm3LPE
coaCng 24”
Pipe
235
mm
300
mm
12
m
Limitations & Gapsof Information
in Assisting the Process (1)
S Technical Knowledge vs Community Knowledge
Technical Knowledge
(People outside can see)
Community Knowledge
(People outside cannot see)
ICEBERG
101.
Limitations & Gapsof Information
in Assisting the Process (2)
S Fallacy of Empty Vessel / Fallacy of Separate Capsule /
Fallacy of Single Pyramid / Fallacy of Interchangeable Faces
by Some Stakeholders, esp. Industrial Sector & Government
Sector
S Seeing the Same Problem à Seeing the Same Solution
S Ambiguity of Critical Information from Industrial Sector /
Government Sector
S Delay of Problem Solving from Industrial Sector / Government
Sector
S Individualism vs Collectivism of the Stakeholders
S Uncertainty Avoidance of the Stakeholders
102.
Limitations & Gapsof Information
in Assisting the Process (3)
S Bargaining Power of the Communities against Other
Stakeholders ---- Emergency / Short Run / Long Run
S Continuity of the Commitment between All Stakeholders
S Top-Down Development Policy from Central Government /
FDI
S EXPRESS WAY CHONBURI-PATTAYA, MOTOR WAY, DOUBLE
RAILWAY TRAIN, HI-SPEED TRAIN, KERRY PHASE 4 DEEP
SEAPORT, LAMCHABANG PHASE 3 DEEP SEAPORT,
SUPERCLUSTER, ETC.