These slides are about ATC capacity management and how it can be enhanced

3.  What is capacity management?
 ATS capacity
 Factors of ATS capacity management
 Factors for capacity management in Airline industry
 Enhancement of Airside capacity
 Enhancement of ATS capacity
 Capacity Assessment
 Measure to increase ATS capacity

4. Capacity management refers to the act of ensuring a business
maximizes its potential activities and production output—at all
times, under all conditions
CAPACITY means in aviation:
“Maximum. number of flights that can safely operate in the NAS”.
OR
The maximum number of aircraft that can be accommodated in a given time
period by the system or one of its components

5. The number of aircraft provided with an ATC service shall not exceed that
which can be safely handled by the ATC unit concerned under the prevailing
circumstances.
ATC capacity is the maximum number of aircraft which can be accepted over
a given period of time within the airspace or at the aerodrome concerned.

6. ATC capacity is the maximum number of aircraft which can
be accepted over a given period of time within the
airspace or at the aerodrome concerned. This can be
expressed by
 Entry counts, i.e. the number of aircraft that enter the airspace
concerned for a defined period of time (normally one hour but
other durations are possible).
 Occupancy counts, i.e. the number of aircraft that can be served
simultaneously (aircraft on the frequency). An example of this is
"The sector can safely handle up to 17 aircraft simultaneously".
This option is not appropriate for expressing runway capacities
but is more precise than the entry counts for en-route or approach
sectors.

7. 3. Workload, i.e. the sum of all tasks a controller is supposed to
perform should not exceed a specified time threshold. For
example, this may be defined as "The total workload of a
controller should not exceed 45 minutes for a 60-minute
period". This option is not appropriate for expressing runway
capacities but, if complemented by a reliable traffic forecast,
can result in optimal sector configurations.

8. The capacity of an ATS system depends on many factors, including the
 ATS route structure,
 The navigation accuracy of the aircraft using the airspace, weather related
factors
 Controller workload.
There is a natural drive to extend capacity so that fewer restrictions are
applied to aircraft. However, an increase in capacity should not result in
reduced safety levels - the number of aircraft being provided with ATC
service should not exceed that which can be safely handled.

9. fours critical factors are needed for a successful capacity management in
airliners
1. Yield management: yield management plays a key role in capacity
management for industries that have a perishable inventory, utilize a
reservation-based demand system, operating with a high fixed cost and a
market that is divided into segment. The above conditions are available in
airline industry; therefore, yield management is a critical aspect in that
industry.
2. Managing stochastic demand: The demand in airline industry is affected
by many external conditions that lead to a stochastic demand. Analyzing
these external factors-such as politics, economy and diseases - is crucial
so companies can put the right response and right capacity in place

10. 3. Long term capacity planning: the capacity in airline industry is
measured by 'seats' which reflects the size of the aircraft at a
wider context. Given that airliners cannot change the number of
seats in each aircraft easily, optimizing the load factor per each
flight is very important.
4. Alliance agreement and airline subsidiaries: airliners can improve their
load factor by getting into alliance agreements and subsidiaries
partnerships where shared capacities can be managed using Code-
Sharing. These approaches reduce the fixed cost needed for capacity
expansion and the risk that is associated with demand fluctuation. As a
result, alliances and such partnerships are important for a successful
capacity management.

11. Factors that influence the enhancement of airside capacity
Preserving flight safety Pilots have ultimate responsibility for the
safety of their aircraft and must remain the final arbiter of what is
acceptable.
 For example, best practice in runway occupancy time should not
demand reductions in margins of flight safety in order to achieve
runway capacity improvements.

12. The appropriate ATS authority should:
1. periodically review ATS capacities in relation to traffic
demand; and
2. Provide for flexible use of airspace in order to improve the
efficiency of operations and increase capacity.
3. In the event that traffic demand regularly exceeds ATC
capacity, resulting in continuing and frequent traffic delays,
or it becomes apparent that forecast traffic demand will
exceed capacity values, the appropriate ATS authority
should, as far as practicable:
4. Implement steps aimed at maximizing the use of the
existing system capacity; and
5. Develop plans to increase capacity to meet the actual or
forecast demand

14.  In assessing capacity values, factors to be taken into account
should include ;
1. The level and type of ATS provided
2. The structural complexity of the control area, the control sector or
the aerodrome concerned.
3. Controller workload, including control and coordination tasks to be
performed.
4. The types of communications, navigation and surveillance systems
in use, their degree of technical reliability and availability as well as
the availability of back-up systems and/or procedures.
5. Availability of ATC systems providing controller support and alert
functions.
6. Any other factor or element deemed relevant to controller workload.

15. 1. Taking all reasonable steps to fully exploit the existing capacity of
the air navigation system.
2. Developing procedures between units to improve flow management
to make maximum use of the available ATC capacity
3. Ensuring that new measures to be adopted are introduced with
minimum delay and preferably simultaneously by adjacent units
4. Designing ATC procedures for handling arriving aircraft in order to
provide the best exploitation of available runways and landing
capacity
5. Achieving efficient arrival/departure operations through improved
runway/taxiway design, such as the provision of parallel taxiways
and high-speed runway exits