مزايا وعيوب استخدام مضادات الالتهاب فى الحيوانات المزلية وحيوانات المزرعة الاستاذ الدكتور حامد عطيه

1. ‫ا‬
.
‫عطيه‬ ‫حامد‬
Advantage and disadvanges of
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Farm Animals

2. Main Problems in Farm
Animals
• I-Problems due to infection:
• 1- Acute Pneumonia
• 2-Acute enteritis .
• 3-Acute mastitis
• 4-Endometritis
• 5-Arthritis and Rhumatic pain.

3. Inflammation
• It the reaction of the living tissue to
injury .
• It is the first line of def.mechanism
• It is usually ending by healing.
• It may become more harmful as in
case of peracute mastitis and
rheumatic diseases.

4. Causes of Inflammation
Pathogenic Microorganisms:
Such as Bacteria, Virus and Parasites .
Mechanical and thermal injuries:
Excessive cold and trauma.
Chemical poisons:
Such as ,acid or alkalis.
Immune reaction:
 Urticaria, eczema and photosensitization.

5. ‫قال‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫النيب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫وي‬ُ
‫ر‬ ‫ما‬
( :
‫وت‬ ‫امحهم‬‫ر‬‫وت‬ ‫توادهم‬ ‫يف‬ ‫املؤمنني‬ ُ
‫ل‬َ‫مث‬
‫اجلسد‬ ‫كمثل‬‫عاطفهم‬
‫واحلمى‬ ‫ابلسهر‬ ‫اجلسد‬ ‫سائر‬ ‫له‬ ‫تداعى‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫منه‬ ‫اشتكى‬ ‫إذا‬ ،‫الواحد‬
)
•
‫حس‬ ‫عصبية‬ ‫نبضات‬ ‫انطالق‬ ‫من‬ ‫العلم‬ ‫كشفه‬‫ما‬ ‫حقيقة‬
‫من‬ ‫ية‬
‫احل‬ ‫اكز‬‫ر‬‫م‬ ‫وإىل‬ ،‫الدماغ‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫يض‬‫ر‬‫امل‬ ‫والعضو‬ ‫اإلصابة‬ ‫مكان‬
‫س‬
‫ادي‬‫ر‬‫اإل‬ ‫غري‬ ‫والتحكم‬
•
‫و‬ ،‫يض‬‫ر‬‫امل‬ ‫العضو‬ ‫من‬ ‫وهرموانت‬ ‫كيماوية‬‫مواد‬ ‫وانبعاث‬
‫مبجرد‬
‫ي‬ ‫ميكروب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫يتهتك‬ ‫نسيج‬ ،‫أنسجته‬ ‫يتهدد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫حدوث‬
‫رسل‬
‫واخلالاي‬ ‫األنسجة‬ ‫بني‬ ‫مسومه‬
•
‫واألعض‬ ‫املخ‬ ‫يف‬ ‫كزية‬
‫مر‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫املواد‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫وتذهب‬
‫احليوية‬ ‫اء‬
،‫احليوية‬ ‫اجلسم‬ ‫عمليات‬ ‫يف‬ ‫املتحكمة‬

6. Stages of Inflammation
• 1-Phase 1 (Histamine release)
It increases vascular permeability
It leads to migration of leukocytes and produce pain.
2- Phase 2 (Prostaglandin’s release)
 It increases vascular permeability
 Induce emigration of leukocytes
 Produce Pain+ Hotness+ Swelling.
 3- Phase 3 (Lose of function)
 1-Depression 2-Fever 3-Loss of appetite.

7. ‫المرض‬ ‫اعراض‬
•
‫اض‬‫ر‬‫االع‬ ‫اهم‬
•
‫ارة‬‫ر‬‫احل‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫ىف‬ ‫تفاع‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
•
‫االكل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫االمتناع‬
(
‫الشديد‬ ‫لألمل‬ ‫نتبجة‬
)
•
‫املصاب‬ ‫العضو‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫اخرى‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬‫اع‬
•
‫املائى‬ ‫احلمام‬ ‫دور‬

8. Pathophysiology of Inflammation
• The initial inflammation phase
consists of three subphases: acute,
subacute, and chronic (or
proliferative).
• The acute phase typically lasts 1–3 days
• heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function
•
‫كمثال‬ ‫الضرع‬

9. Pathophysiology of Inflammation
• The initial inflammation phase
consists of three subphases:
• acute phase ‫احلادة‬ ‫املرحلة‬
• subacute phase ‫احلادة‬ ‫حتت‬
• and chronic (or proliferative).
•
‫الشفاء‬ ‫مرحلة‬ ‫او‬ ‫املزمنة‬ ‫املرحلة‬

10. Anti-inflammatory Drugs
• These are agents which reduce the effect of
substance released at the site of inflammation such
as:
• Prostaglandin
• Leukotriene
• Bradykinins
• Histamine

11. Types of Anti-inflammatory Drugs
– 1-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
• They are acting by degradation of collagen by
increasing the synthesis of certain proteases.
• Examples
• 1-Dexa-methasone 2- Beta-methasone
• 3-Methyl Prednisolone.
• 4-Dexatimanol. 5 - Predef 2X

12. Therapeutic Uses
• 1-Allergic skin diseases as eczema and dermatitis.
• 2- Allergic ophthalmic diseases such as
congunctivitis
• 3-Arthritis (injected intra-synovial or peri-ticular.)
• 4-Induction of parturition
• 5-Post parturient ketosis in cows and pregnancy
toxemia in sheep
• 6- Inflammation of skin, eyes or joints.

13. Side effects of Steroidal Ant.Inf..
• 1-Efects on carbohydrate metabolism:
• A-Induce hyperglcemia and glucosuria.
• B-Decrease glucose utilization in tissues.
• 2-Effects on mineral metabolism:
• A-Loss of K+ , Ca++ and phosphorus.
• B- Retention of Na+ leading to Water retention and
edema .

14. Side Effects
• 2-Effects on protein metabolism:
• It reduces amino acids available for protein synthesis
resulting in:
• A-Reducing antibody production (Immune-supression).
• B-Retardation of growth with a negative nitrogen
balance.
• C- Retardation of wound healing.
• D-Osteoporosis and fractures of bones.
• E-Weakening and myopathy of skeletal muscles.

15. Contraindication
• 1-Pregnant animals.
• 2-Eye infections with corneal ulcer.
• 3-Without antibiotics in infections.
• 4-With vaccination procedures due to
immune body depression.

16. 2-Non steroidal anti-
inflammatory Drugs
–They exert their effects through inhibition of
prostaglandin by inhibition of cyclo-
oxygenase enzyme that catalyze the
conversion of arachidonic acid to
prostaglandin

17. Mode of action
Cyclooxygenase E
(Cox2)
Arachidonic
acid
Prostaglandin

18. Types of prostaglandin
• 1- Physiological prostaglandin:
• PGE1
• PGE2
• PGI2
• Stomach- uterus- kidney ‫االفراز‬ ‫اماكن‬

19. Types of prostaglandin
• 1- Pathological prostaglandin:
• PGf2&
• Thrompoxam
• Leukotrin B4

20. Types of prostaglandin
• 1- Pathological prostaglandin:
(PGf2&Thrompoxam-Leukotrin B4)
• Vasodilatation of blood vessels
• Edema
• Broncho-constriction
• Decrease renal blood flow

21. Classification of Non-Steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs
• 1-Enolic acid derivatives:
• Pyrazolones (phenylbutazone)
• Oxicams (meloxicam, piroxicam)

22. Classification of Non-Steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs
• 2-Carboxylic acid Group:
• Salicylates (aspirin),
• Propionic acids:
• (Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Carprofen,
ketoprofen,
• Tolfenamic acids.
• Aminonicotinic acids (flunixin)

23. Examples of NSAIDS
• 1- Declofenc Na 2-Flunxin meglumen
•
• 3-Buta-fenil 4-Pheny butazon
• 5-Melxocam 6-Carbrofen

25. Pharmacological advantages
• 1-Anti-inflammatory
• 2-Antipyretic
• 3-Analgesic
• 4- Anti-endotoxic

26. ‫اسرتودي‬ ‫الغري‬ ‫االلتهاب‬ ‫مضادات‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫دواعى‬
‫ة‬
• They are routinely used for the relief
of pain and inflammation associated
with:
• Osteoarthritis in dogs and horses .
• Colic, and laminitis in horses.

27. ‫اسرتودي‬ ‫الغري‬ ‫االلتهاب‬ ‫مضادات‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫دواعى‬
‫ة‬
• The use of NSAIDs for the relief of
perioperative pain in companion
animals is standard practice
• ‫املنزلية‬ ‫احليواانت‬ ‫ىف‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫احية‬‫ر‬‫اجل‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫قبل‬

28. ‫املزرعة‬ ‫حيواانت‬ ‫ىف‬
• NSAIDs have been used in conjunction with
antibiotics for treatment of acute
respiratory diseases in cattle.
• They reduce morbidity through their
antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects
• Antiendotoic
• Prevent development of irreversible lung
lesions.

29. Side Effects of Non Steroidals
• By Long time use (More than 4 days)
• Gastric ulcers and gastritis
• Melena

30. Side Effects of Non Steroidals
• By Long time use (More than 4 days)
• Renal damage
• Renal failure in some species

31. Side Effects of Non Steroidals
• By Long time use (More than 4 days)
• Delay parturation

32. ‫الصوديوم‬ ‫ديكلوفيناك‬
•
‫صوديوم‬ ‫الديكلوفيناك‬
:
•
‫حرارة‬ ‫كخافض‬ ‫االفضل‬
•
‫والعض‬ ‫واالوتار‬ ‫المفاصل‬ ‫التهابات‬ ‫عالج‬ ‫فى‬ ‫االفضل‬
‫الت‬
‫بسه‬ ‫االلتهاب‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫الى‬ ‫ويصل‬ ‫االنسجة‬ ‫يخترق‬ ‫النه‬
‫ولة‬
•
‫الكلوى‬ ‫المغص‬ ‫عالج‬ ‫فى‬
•
‫لاللم‬ ‫كمسكن‬ ‫الجراحية‬ ‫والعمليات‬ ‫الحوادث‬ ‫بعد‬

33. ‫المليكسوكام‬
•
‫والرحم‬ ‫الضرع‬ ‫التهاب‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫فى‬
(Toxemia)
•
‫للتليف‬ ‫كمانع‬ ‫االفضل‬
•
‫حرارة‬ ‫خافض‬
•
‫واالوتار‬ ‫العضالت‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المزمنة‬ ‫االلتهابات‬
•
‫البيتس‬ ‫فى‬ ‫التهاب‬ ‫ومضاد‬ ‫مسكن‬

34. Phenylbutazone
‫بيتازون‬ ‫فينايل‬
•
‫يستخدم‬
‫اساسا‬
‫فى‬
‫الخيول‬
‫والكالب‬
•
‫التهابات‬
‫المفاصل‬
‫واالوتار‬
•
‫التهابات‬
‫العضالت‬
• Ulcers may develop in the mouth,
stomach, cecum, and right dorsal colon.

35. Phenylbutazone
‫بيتازون‬ ‫فينايل‬
•
One of the major therapeutic uses of PBZ
is to treat acute laminitis in horses.
•
Laminitis is treated initially with
injectable PBZ at dosages up to 8.8
mg/kg, followed by therapy PO at 2.2–4.4
mg/kg, bid.
•

36. Tolfenamic acid
‫اسيد‬ ‫تولفينميك‬
•
It is used for
•
fever,
•
postoperative pain,
•
and acute and chronic inflammatory
conditions in cats, dogs, cattle,

37. ‫الكيتوبروفين‬
•
‫لاللم‬ ‫كمسكن‬ ‫االفضل‬
•
‫التهاب‬ ‫وحاالت‬ ‫الخيل‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المغص‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ممتاز‬
‫العقدى‬ ‫الجلد‬ ‫ومرض‬ ‫الشديدة‬ ‫الضرع‬
(
‫الورم‬ ‫تقليل‬
)
•
‫من‬ ‫اكثر‬ ‫اعطاء‬ ‫وعدم‬ ‫الجرعة‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫من‬ ‫ونحذر‬
3
‫ايام‬
‫االبل‬ ‫في‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫الكلي‬ ‫ويدمر‬ ‫معدة‬ ‫قرحة‬ ‫يسبب‬ ‫النه‬

38. ‫والخيول‬ ‫الكالب‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الكيتوبروفين‬ ‫جرعة‬
• General dose:
• The recommended dosage is 1 mg/kg/day
for up to 5 days, IV or PO.
• Dog& Cat:
• 2.2 mg/kg/day for up to 5 days, IV.
• Horses:
• 3 mg/kg/day for 1–3 days, IV or IM

39. ‫مجلومين‬ ‫فلونكسين‬
•
‫الداخلية‬ ‫للسموم‬ ‫كمضاد‬ ‫االفضل‬
Anti-endotoxic
•
‫الحادة‬ ‫والرحم‬ ‫الضرع‬ ‫التهابات‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫فى‬ ‫خاصة‬
Coli form mastitis and Metritis

40. ‫مجلومين‬ ‫فلونكسين‬
• Elimination half-life is short (~2–3 hr).
Elimination is primarily by renal
excretion.
• Flunixin is effective for the treatment of
visceral pain associated with colic in
horses.

41. ‫مجلومين‬ ‫فلونكسين‬
• It is also used to reduce the
inflammatory-mediated hemodynamic
response to endotoxin, (reduce mortality
associated with endotoxemic shock.
Flunixin has been used to treat mastitis
and acute pulmonary emphysema in
cattle,

42. Carprofen
‫كاربوريفين‬
• The recommended dosage is 4.4
mg/kg/day or divided bid, PO. In Europe
and other countries, carprofen is also
registered for use in horses and cattle and
for short-term therapy in cats.

43. Carprofen
‫كاربوريفين‬
• plasma concentrations peak ~2–3 hr after
dosing. The elimination half-life is ~8 hr.
• GI signs, including vomiting, diarrhea,
and GI ulceration.

44. ‫أسي‬ ‫ساليسيلك‬ ‫استيل‬
‫االسبرين‬
•
‫اللميلل‬ ‫الي‬ ‫والوصول‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫سيولة‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫االفضل‬
‫ي‬
‫الدم‬ ‫تجلط‬ ‫ومنع‬
Laminitis in equines

45. ‫االنالجين‬
•
‫نوفاسيد‬
(
‫صوديوم‬ ‫ميتاميزول‬
)
•
‫االنالجين‬
(
‫دايبيرون‬
)
•
‫حرارة‬ ‫كخافض‬
•
‫لاللم‬ ‫ومسكن‬
(
‫الخيول‬ ‫في‬ ‫المغص‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫في‬
)
•
‫االلتهاب‬ ‫مضادات‬ ‫انواع‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫وكذلك‬ ‫الحمل‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫آمن‬
‫استرودية‬ ‫الغير‬
.

46. 1-Pneumonia
• Clinical Signs:
• 1-Fever
• 2-Shallow rapid Respiration
• 3-Cough
• 4-Pain in inter-costal muscles
• 5-Toxemia.

47. Calf showing
difficulty in
respiration
Anorexia
dullness

48. Main Lines of Treatment of
Pneumonia:
• 1-Antibiotic
• 2- Steroidal anti-inflammatory
• 3-Non Steroidal anti-inflammatory
• 3-Vitamin A and C
• 4-Mucolytic & expectorant

49. Line of Treatment of Infectious
Diarrhea
• 1-Fluid therapy.
• 2-Anti-inflammatory
• 3-Antibiotic (orally and systemic)
• 4- Anti-acid (orally and systemic).
• 5-Intestinal astringent and coating

50. Main Lines of Treatment of
Acute Mastitis:
• 1-Fluid therapy
• 2-Anti-inflammatory
• 3-Antibiotic
• 4-Antihistaminic
• 5-Vitamin A &C injection

51. ‫االلتهاب‬ ‫مضادات‬ ‫باستعمال‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫محاذير‬
•
‫باالم‬ ‫االصابة‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الديكساميثازون‬ ‫اليستخدم‬
‫راض‬
‫الجسم‬ ‫مناعة‬ ‫من‬ ‫تقلل‬ ‫النها‬ ‫الفيروسية‬
.
•
‫حا‬ ‫فى‬ ‫استرودية‬ ‫الغير‬ ‫االلتهاب‬ ‫مضادات‬ ‫التستخدم‬
‫الت‬
‫ال‬ ‫فى‬ ‫سيولة‬ ‫تسبب‬ ‫النها‬ ‫والقرح‬ ‫والنزيف‬ ‫الجروح‬
‫دم‬
‫االنسجة‬ ‫التئام‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫وتؤخر‬ ‫النزيف‬ ‫من‬ ‫وتزيد‬
.

52. ‫االلتهاب‬ ‫مضادات‬ ‫باستعمال‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫محاذير‬
•
‫ال‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫بجرعات‬ ‫الديكساميثازون‬ ‫اليستخدم‬
‫حمل‬
‫الثالث‬ ‫الشهر‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫اجهاض‬ ‫تسبب‬ ‫قد‬ ‫النها‬
.
•
‫البروستاجالندين‬ ‫هرمون‬
(PGF2a)
•
‫ال‬ ‫الحمل‬ ‫اثناء‬ ‫التستخدم‬ ‫استروميت‬ ‫او‬ ‫ليوتليز‬ ‫مثل‬
‫نها‬
‫مباشر‬ ‫اجهاض‬ ‫تسبب‬
.
•
(
‫انقباض‬ ‫على‬ ‫ويساعد‬ ‫الوالدة‬ ‫الحداث‬ ‫يستخدم‬
‫الصناعى‬ ‫الطلق‬ ‫الرحمويسمى‬
)

53. ‫االلتهاب‬ ‫مضادات‬ ‫باستعمال‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫محاذير‬
•
‫الفيروسية‬ ‫االمراض‬
•
‫النستخدم‬ ‫األبقار‬ ‫فى‬ ‫العقدى‬ ‫الجلدى‬ ‫التهاب‬ ‫مرض‬
‫واحدة‬ ‫جرعة‬ ‫اال‬ ‫استرودية‬ ‫الغير‬ ‫االلتهاب‬ ‫مضادات‬
‫ي‬ ‫الحرارة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫ارتفاع‬ ‫استمرار‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫وفى‬ ‫أوجرعتين‬
‫تم‬
‫حرارة‬ ‫كخافض‬ ‫االنالجين‬ ‫استخدام‬
.
•
‫ط‬ ‫لفترة‬ ‫استرودية‬ ‫الغير‬ ‫االلتهاب‬ ‫مضادات‬ ‫استعمال‬
‫ويلة‬
‫البر‬ ‫فى‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ونزول‬ ‫الرابعة‬ ‫المعدة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫قرحة‬ ‫الى‬ ‫تؤدى‬
‫از‬
Melana

54. ‫االلتهاب‬ ‫مضادات‬ ‫باستعمال‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫محاذير‬
‫والكالب‬ ‫القطط‬ ‫فى‬
•
‫آث‬ ‫لها‬ ‫الن‬ ‫والكالب‬ ‫للقطط‬ ‫الباراسيتامول‬ ‫اليستخدم‬
‫ار‬
‫سمية‬
.
•
‫والكالب‬ ‫للقطط‬ ‫السمية‬ ‫شديد‬ ‫األسبرين‬
•
‫سو‬ ‫أنواعها‬ ‫بجميع‬ ‫استرودية‬ ‫الغير‬ ‫االتهاب‬ ‫مضادات‬
‫اء‬
‫عند‬ ‫الشديد‬ ‫الحذر‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫أقراص‬ ‫أو‬ ‫شراب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫حقن‬
‫الن‬ ‫القصوى‬ ‫الضرورة‬ ‫عند‬ ‫اال‬ ‫والتستخدم‬ ‫استخدامها‬
‫الكب‬ ‫وتضر‬ ‫للمعدة‬ ‫قرح‬ ‫تسبب‬ ‫قد‬ ‫االستعمال‬ ‫كثرة‬
‫د‬
‫والكلى‬
.