3. Five Wirless Networking Protocols:
• Bluetooth:
i. Bluetooth network encapsulation protocol (BNEP).
ii. Radio Frequency communication(RFCOMM).
• WIFI:
i. 802.11g
ii.802.11ac.
• GSM
4. Bluetooth
• Bluetooth is a standardized protocol for sending and receiving
data via a 2.4GHz wireless link. It is a secure protocol and it is
perfect for short-range, low-power,low-cost wirelsess
transmissions between electronic devices.
• Bluetooth uses various protocols such as Bluetooth network
encapsulation protocol, Radio frequency communication.
• Bluetooth network encapsulation protocol(BNEP):
• BNEP is used for delivering network packets on top of L2CAP.
This protocol is used by the personal area networking
(PAN) profile. BNEP performs a similar function subnetwork
Access protocol(SNAP) in Wireless LAN.
5. • Radio frequency communication (RFCOMM):
• The Bluetooth protocol RFCOMM is a simple set of transport
protocols, made on top of the L2CAP protocol, providing
emulated RS-232 serial ports(up to sixty simultaneous
connections to a Bluetooth device at a time). The protocol is
based on the ETSI standard TS 07.10.
• RFCOMM is sometimes called serial port emulation. The
Bluetooth serial port profile is based on this protocol.
• RFCOMM provides a simple reliable data stream to the user,
similar to TCP. It is used directly by many telephony related
profiles as a carrier for AT commands, as well as being a
transport layer for OBEX over Bluetooth.
• Many Bluetooth applications use RFCOMM because of its
widespread support and publicly available API on most
operating systems. Additionally, applications that used a serial
port to communicate can be quickly ported to use RFCOMM.
• In the protocol stack, RFCOMM is bound to L2CAP.
6. WiFi
• WiFi stands for wireless Fidility.WiFi is the family of network
protocols, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are
commonly used for local area networking of devices and internet
access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio
signals. WiFi uses various protocols such as 802.11ac, 802.11ag.
• 802.11ac:
• IEEE 802.11ac-2013 or 802.11ac is a wireless networking standard in
the IEEE 802.11 set of protocols (which is part of the Wi-
Fi networking family), providing high-throughput wireless local area
networks (WLANs) on the 5 GHz band.The standard has been
retroactively labelled as Wi-Fi 5 by Wi-Fi Alliance.
• The specification has multi-station throughput of at least 1.1 gigabit
per second (1.1 Gbit/s) and single-link throughput of at least 500
megabits per second (0.5 Gbit/s).
7. • 802.11ag:
• 802.11g is an IEEE standard Wi-Fi wireless networking
technology. Like other versions of Wi-Fi, 802.11g (sometimes
referred to simply as "G") supports wireless local area network
(WLAN) communications among computers, broadband
routers, and many other consumer devices.
• G incorporated the radio communication technique
called Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM),
which was initially introduced to Wi-Fi with 802.11a ("A").
• There are 14 possible channels on which 802.11g can operate,
though some are illegal in some countries. The frequencies
from channel 1-14 range between 2.412 GHz to 2.484 GHz.
8. GSM
• GSM stands for Global System for Mobile communications.
GSM is one of the most widely used digital wireless telephony
system. It was developed in Europe in 1980s and is now
international standard in Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa.
Any GSM handset with a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module)
card can be used in any country that uses this standard. Every
SIM card has a unique identification number. It has memory to
store applications and data like phone numbers, processor to
carry out its functions and software to send and receive
messages
• GSM technology uses TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) to
support up to eight calls simultaneously. It also uses
encryption to make the data more secure.
• The frequencies used by the international standard is 900 MHz
to 1800 MHz However, GSM phones used in the US use 1900
MHz frequency and hence are not compatible with the
international system.
