The Cold War era, Class 12, World politics, USA, USSR, ppt, NATO, Warshaw Pact, CENTO @mr.silentt_

1. The Cold
War Era:
1947-1970
Present by-Gyayak jain
12th Humanities

2. Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Mr.Hitendra Jain
Sir as well as our principal Mr.Saumitra
Singh Thakur who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on
the topic The Cold War Era, which also
helped me in doing a lot of Research and i
came to know about so many new things I
am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my
parents and friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.

3. What is Cold War?
The cold war
referred to the
competition ,the
tension and a series
of confrontation
Between two
countries.
For Example :-
between USA and USSR.

4. On Hiroshima,6
Aug 1945
The 2nd world war ended when
the United States dropped two
atomic bombs on the Japanese
cities
On Nagasaki,9
Aug 1945

5. • The end of Second World
War was the beginning of
Cold War.
• The Allied forces in Second
World War was led by the
Britain ,France,USSR and
Russia defeated the Axis
power led by Germany, Italy
and Japan.

6. The Cuban Missile Crisis
• Cuba was an ally
of the soviet union.
In April 1961,the leaders
of USSR were worried
that USA would invade
communist ruled Cuba
and overthrow Fiddle
Castor , the president of
Cuba.
• Nikita Khrushchev,the
leader of USSR place
nuclear missiles in Cuba.

7. Three weeks after the Soviet Union had placed the
nuclear weapons in Cuba, the Americans became
aware of it. The US President, John F. Kennedy, and
his advisers were reluctant to do anything that
might lead to full-scale nuclear war between the
two countries, but they were determined to get
Khrushchev to remove the missiles and nuclear
weapons from Cuba. Kennedy ordered American
warships to intercept any Soviet ships heading to
Cuba as a way of warning the USSR of his
seriousness. A clash seemed imminent in what
came to be known as the Cuban Missile Crisis

8. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the
Russians, and the other man blinked!

9. Meeting of Nikita Khrushchev
and John F. Kennedy on Cuban
Missile Issue.

10. The Arms Race:
A “Missile Gap?”
} The Soviet
Union exploded
its first A-bomb
in 1949.
} Now there were
two nuclear
superpowers!

11. The Emergence of
two power blocks.
The World was divided into two
power blocks.Western Alliances
and Eastern Alliances.
The smaller states int the
alliances used the link to the
superpower (USA & USSR) for
their own purposes.They got the
promise of protection ,weapons
and economic aid against their
local rival.

12. The western
alliance was
formalised into
an organisation,
the NORTH
ATLANTIC
TREATY
Organisation.
EASTERN
ALLIANCE
The
eastern
alliance is
known as
the Warsaw
pact, was led
by the soviet
union.
WESTERN
ALLIANCE

13. North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (1949)
 United States
 Belgium
 Britain
 Canada
 Denmark
 France
 Iceland
 Italy
 Luxemburg
 Netherlands
 Norway
 Portugal
 1952: Greece &
Turkey
 1955: West Germany
 1983: Spain

14. Warsaw Pact (1955)
} U. S. S. R.
} Albania
} Bulgaria
} Czechoslovakia
} East Germany
} Hungary
} Poland
} Rumania

15. Distribution of World

16. Other Alliance
In East, South East and West
Asia the USA built two alliance
system to make its hold in these
regions, called -
 South east Asian Treaty
Organization (SEATO) in 1954.
Australia, France, Britain, New
Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand
and USA were members.
 The Central treaty
organisation (CENTO) in 1955

17. NON ALIGNED
MOVEMENT
What is Non –
Alignment
Movement (NAM)?
Non- Alignment movement
gave the newly
independent countries a
way of staying out of the
alliances.

18. Founders of NAM
Josip Broz Tito -
Yugoslavia
Jawarharlal
Nehru-India

19. Gamal Abdel Nasser
From Egypt
Kwame Nkrumah
From Ghana
Sukarno - From
Indonesia

20. NEW INTERNATIONAL
ECONOMIC ORDER
The NIEO aims at Restructuring
the existing institution and
establishing new organizations
which will govern the flow of
trade, technology and capital
resources for the benefit of the
whole world in general and the
developing countries.

21. The Global trading system
according to UNCTAD in NIEO.
(Report 1972 )
• The Least Developed Countries (LDCs)
should be given the control over their
natural resources which are exploited
by the developed countries.
• They should be given access to western
markets so that they can sell their
products and therefore make trades
more useful for the poorer countries.
• Reduce the cost of technology from the
western countries.
• LDC should be provided greater role in
international economic institutions.

22. India and the cold war!
• As a leader of NAM India took
particular care in staying away
from the two alliance and raise
voice against the newly
decolonised countries becoming
part of these alliances.
• India took international
decisions and stances that
served the interests of the
superpowers and their allies.
• India often balanced one
superpower against the other.

23. CRITICISM OF INDIA’S Non
Alignment Policy
• India’s NAM said to be unprincipled.
• It is suggested that India was inconsistent
and took contradictory postures.
• India signed the treaty of friendship in
1971 with USSR for 20 years.
• The Indian government view was that India
needed diplomatic and military support
during Bangladesh crisis.
• That in any case the treaty did not stop
India from having good relationship with
other countries including US.