valumetric analysis & gravimetric analysis Imp MCQs Question with Answeralumetric analysis & gravimetric analysis Imp MCQs Question with Answer.pptx

TOPICS
1) Introduction principle application of all titration
2) Fundamental of volumetric analysis
3) Acid base titration
4) Non aqueous titration
5) Precipitation titration
6) Complexometric titration
7) Redox titration
8) Gravimetric analysis
9) Masking and demasking agent
10) Types of solvent
Prepared By GULAM MUHEYUDDEEN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Department Of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Jahangeerabad Institute Of Technology (Faculty
Of Pharmacy) BARABANKI

16. The stage during titration at which the reaction is just
completed is called as ……
a)Equivalent point
b)Neutralization point
c)End point
d)Critical point

16. The stage during titration at which the reaction is just
completed
is called as ……
a)Equivalent point
b)Neutralization point
c)End point
d)Critical point

Neutralization point
In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation (see spelling differences) is
a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react with an equivalent
quantity of each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there
being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution.
The pH of the neutralized solution depends on the acid strength of the
reactants.
What is an Endpoint?
The endpoint in titration refers to the point at which the indicator changes
colour in the colourimetric titration. For example, in complexometric
titration, if Eriochrome Black T is used as an indicator, then at the
endpoint, colour changes from wine red to blue.
What is the Equivalence Point?
The equivalence point is also known as a stoichiometric point in the
titration. During titration, the point at which the added titrant is
chemically equivalent to the analyte in the sample is called the equivalence
point.

17. KMnO4 is used as strong
………………..and…………………in redox titration.
a)Oxidizing agent, self indicator
b)Oxidizing agent, not indicator
c)Reducing agent, self indicator
d)Reducing agent, not indicator

18. Which of the following is not used in redox titration?
a)Phenolphthalein
b)Diphenylamine
c)1,10 Phenanthroline
d)Potassium permanganate

19. Which of the following method is not used to determine end
point in precipitation titration.
a)Addition of potassium permanganate
b)Formation of colored permanganate
c)Formation of soluble colored compound
d)Use of adsorption indicator

What is Precipitation Titration?
Precipitation titration is a type of titration which involves the formation of
precipitate during the titration technique. In precipitation titration, the titrant
reacts with the analyte and forms an insoluble substance called a precipitate. It
continues till the last amount of analyte is consumed. It is used to determine
chloride by using silver ions.
Precipitation Titration Example
Determination of concentration of chloride ions in a solution by using silver
ions of a known solution is an example of precipitation titration. Reactions
involved are as follows –
AgNO3+NaCl AgCl + NaNO3
(in a solution of NaCl) (White ppt)
Argentometric Titration
It is a type of precipitation titration which involves the use of silver ions. The
symbol of silver is Ag which is taken from its Latin name Argentum. So, the
word argentometric is also taken from the Latin word Argentum.
Methods of Argentometric Titration
Volhard’s Method
Fajan’s Method
Mohr’s Method

Applications of Precipitation Titration
•It is used for the determination of halide ions in the solution.
•It is used to measure salt content in food, beverages and
water.
•It is used for Sulphur, thiocyanate, dichromate etc.
•Many drugs such as carbromal, KCl infusion, NaCl infusion etc.
can be analysed by precipitation titration.
•It can be used for the determination of concentration of anions
in the analyte.

20. What volume of 0.5 N HCl are required to neutralize 25 ml of
0.1 N NaOH solution?
a)25ml
b)5ml
c)10ml
d)12.5ml

21. In precipitation titration, titration between silver nitrate and
thiocynate ion is done by………………
a)Fajan method
b)Volhard method
c)Mohr’s method
d)None of the above

Volhard’s Method
German Chemist- Jacob Volhard
This method was first given by German Chemist Jacob Volhard in 1874. This
method involves the determination of halide (F, Cl, Br, I) ions, anions like
phosphate, chromate in acidic medium by using silver ions. This titration must be
performed in an acidic medium otherwise iron ion get precipitated as hydrated
oxide. Iron ions are used as indicators in Volhard’s method. In this method, 1st
analyte (halide ion solution or any other anionic solution) is titrated with a measured
excess of AgNO3.
Reaction – If the analyte contains chloride anions. The reaction will be as follows -
Cl- + Ag+ AgCl + Ag+ (in excess)
Now the unreacted or in excess silver ions are titrated with a standard solution of
KSCN using iron ion (Fe+3) as an indicator which gives red color in the end point.
Reaction – The reaction can be shown as follows-
Ag+ + SCN- AgSCN
Now as the thiocyanate ion will be in excess in the titration mixture, red colour
appears which is due to the formation of the FeSCN(II) compound.
Reaction – Reaction involved can be shown as follows –
Fe+3 + SCN- FeSCN+2
(Red colored compound)
It is an indirect method of precipitation.

22. In Mohr's method detection of end point is………………
a)Insoluble compound
b)Soluble compound
c)Colorless precipitate
d)Colour precipitate

Mohr’s Method
Karl Friedrich Mohr
This method was given by Karl Friedrich Mohr, a German Chemist. That’s why
this method is called Mohr’s method. It’s a direct titration method. In this
method silver nitrate is used as titrant and chloride ion solution as analyte.
Potassium chromate is used as an indicator. At the end point, when all chloride
ions are consumed by silver ions, reddish brown colored precipitate is formed
by reaction of silver ions and chromate ions.
Reaction- Reaction involved can be written as follows –
AgNO3 + Cl- AgCl +NO3
-
(in solution of NaCl) (White ppt)
At the end point –
2Ag+ + CrO4
-2 Ag2CrO4
(Reddish Brown ppt)

23. Which of the following is an examples of adsorption indicators?
a)Phenolphthalein
b)Methyl red
c)Ninhydrin
d)Eosin

The phenomenon of adsorption is used to detect the endpoints of precipitation
titrations. In such titrations, dyestuffs like eosin, fluorescein, alizarin red etc, are
used as adsorption indicators. At the endpoint of the titration anions of indicator
adsorb on precipitate and colour change of the precipitate takes place.
When a known volume of KBr (in a conical flask) is titrated against AgNO3 (in
burette) using eosin as adsorption indicator, AgBr a white precipitate is formed.
AgNO3 + KBr → Ag+Br– + KNO3
There is no colour change of the precipitate as long as Br– ions are present in
the solution. Before endpoint AgBr precipitate is in contact with unreacted
KBr and therefore it will adsorb Br– ions and negatively charged (AgBr)Br– are
formed. The negatively charged precipitate will repel anions of eosin which
are pink in colour. Colour of precipitate remains unchanged.
When all Br– ions are consumed i.e. entire KBr is converted into AgBr, at this
stage, an excess drop of AgNO3 results into adsorption of Ag+ ions and (AgBr)
Ag+ are formed. These particles immediately adsorb the coloured anions of
the indicator eosin and colour of the precipitate changes to pink. This is the
end of the titration.

24. Complexometric titration is useful for the determination
of………………
a)Halides
b)Acid and base
c)Non-metal ions
d)Metal ions

An introduction to Complexometric Titration
Complexometric titration is a volumetric analysis where the endpoint of the analysis
or titration is identified by the formation of a coloured complex. It is mainly useful for
the determination of a mixture of different metal ions in solution. It is also known as
chelatometry
Complexometric titrations are used for the determination of the concentration of
metal ions in the solution.
Complexometric Indicator
Complexometric indicators are those indicators that are used in complexometric
titrations. These indicators undergo a definite colour change in presence of
specific metal ions. These indicators are also known as pM indicators or
metallochromic indicators. These indicators are organic molecules that are soluble
in water. Calcein, curcumin, Eriochrome Black T, fast sulphon black, hematoxylin,
etc. are some examples of complexometric indicators.
Applications of Complexometric Titrations
Complexometric titration is used for the estimation of the amount of total
hardness in water.
It is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to determine the metal
concentration in drugs.
Titanium dioxide is used in many cosmetic products. This can be analysed by
complexometric titration.
It is used to analyse urine samples.
It is widely used in analytical chemistry.

25. In complexometric titration which buffer solution is used?
a)10
b)9.2
c)7
d)4.2

Complexometric titration: the titration which involves the formation of complexes is
known as Complexometric titration. EDTA is commonly used a complexing agent
which make a complex with metal ions.
The Buffer solution is used to resist the change in pH. Because all reactions between
metal ions and EDTA are pH dependent. Change in pH may lead to the improper
reaction between Metal ion and EDTA.
EDTA:
EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a complexometric indicator made up
of two amino groups and four Lewis bases (carboxyl groups).
Because of its ability to signify six pairs of lonely electrons owing to the
creation of covalent bonds, Edta is a hexadentate ligand.
Buffer:
In EDTA titration, pH 10 buffer is employed because Y4- is prevalent in EDTA,
and Y4- is needed to react with the metal ions present in the titration solution.
A pH 10 buffer can be used to achieve this.
Hence, pH 10 buffer is used in EDTA titration.

26. ……………………is a titrimetric method which involves the
formation of precipitates during the experiments of titration.
a)Complexometric
b)Gravimetric
c)Precipitation
d)None of them

27. ……………….titration is a form of volumetric titration in
which the formation of a colored complex is used to indicate the
end point of titration.
a)Gravimetric
b)Volumetric
c)Complexometric
d)Precipitation

27. ……………….titration is a form of volumetric titration in which
the formation of a colored complex is used to indicate the end point
of titration.
a)Gravimetric
b)Volumetric
c)Complexometric
d)Precipitation

28. ………………….. method are quantitative methods that are
based on measuring the mass of a pure compound to which the
Analyte is chemically related.
a)Gravimetric
b)Volumetric
c)Precipitation
d)None of them

Gravimetric Analysis:
Gravimetric analysis is one of the commonly used quantitative methods in analytical
chemistry, the other being the volumetric method. In gravimetric analysis, the amount of an
ion present in an analyte is estimated based on the parameter of mass.
Types of Gravimetric Analysis:
There are four types of gravimetric analysis based on the method of separation employed in
the process. They are:
1. Precipitation Method:
An analytical method called precipitation gravimetry uses a precipitation reaction to
separate ions from a solution. Precipitant or precipitating agent refers to the substance that
is added to produce precipitation. Filtration can be used to separate the solid precipitate
from the liquid components, after which the mass of the solid and the balanced chemical
equation can be used to determine the quantity or concentration of ionic compounds in the
solution.
2. Volatilization Method:
In volatilization gravimetry, the sample is heated or chemically broken down to separate the
components of our mixture. Any volatile compounds are separated out by the heating or
chemical decomposition, which causes a change in mass that can be measured.
3. Electrogravimetry Method:
The principle of electrogravimetry is similar to electroplating; here, the metal ions are
isolated from the solution by depositing on the surface of the electrode.
4. Thermogravimetric Method:
In this the mass of the sample is determined based on the observed changes in chemical and
physical properties over a period of time of varying temperature.

29. In ………………………….method potassium chromate is used as
an indicator which produce red colored silver chromate at the end
point when all the chloride ions have reacted.
a)Fajan’s
b)Volhard’s
c)Mohr’s
d)None of them

29. In ………………………….method potassium chromate is used
as an indicator which produce red colored silver chromate at the
end point when all the chloride ions have reacted.
a)Fajan’s
b)Volhard’s
c)Mohr’s
d)None of them

30. In …………………method soluble colored compound forms at
the end point.
a)Mohr's
b)Volhard’s
c)Fajan’s
d)None of them

30. In …………………method soluble colored compound forms at
the end point.
a)Mohr's
b)Volhard’s
c)Mohr’s
d)None of them

31. ……………………….. Is similar to acid base titration and
involves adding the standard chelon solution to the metal ion
solution till the end point is attained.
a)Back titration
b)Replacement titration
c)Indirect titration
d)Direct titration

32. In ……………….method the metal to be analyzed
quantitavely displaces the metal from the complex.
a)Replacement titration
b)Back titration
d)Direct titration

32. In ……………….method the metal to be analyzed
quantitatively displaces the metal from the complex.
a)Replacement titration
b)Back titration
d)Direct titration

33. A …………………..reagents enables the masked substance to
enter into a particular reaction.
a)Chelate compound
b)Masking reagents
c)Demasking reagents
d)None of them

Method of masking & demasking
 Masking by precipitation
 Masking by complex
formation
a) Dimercaprol
b) Ammonium fluoride
c) Ascorbic acid
d) Potassium cyanide
e) Potassium iodide
f) Tiron
g) Triethanolamine
 pH control method use
of selective metal
indicator classical
sepration
 Solvent extraction
 Removal of anions
 Kinetic masking

34. Measuring the volume of substance that combines with the
first known preparation is known as…………….
a) Precipitation titration
b) Complexometric titration
c) Volumetric titration
d) Redox titration

35. The first methos of volumetric analysis was derived and
found by freach chemist……………….
a) Volhdhard
b) Mular
c) Fazan
d) Jean-Baptiste Andre

35. The first methods of volumetric analysis was derived and found
by freanch chemist……………….
a) Volhdhard
b) Mular
c) Fazan
d) Jean-Baptiste Andre

36. An ………....... Titration is a method of quantitative analysis
for determining the concentration of an acid or base by exactly
neutralizing it with a standard solution of base or acid.
a) Acid- Base titration
b) Non aqueous titration
c) Redox titration
d) None of the above

36. An ………....... Titration is a method of quantitative analysis for
determining the concentration of an acid or base by exactly
neutralizing it with a standard solution of base or acid.
a) Acid- Base titration
b) Non aqueous titration
c) Redox titration

37. A …………….is a titration without osomalyte being present,
only the solvent is used to analyte solution and titration carried
out.
a) Back titration
b) Blank titration
c) Acid base titration

38. The undissociated indicator acid on a base has a colour
different from its ion. This theory is………. Theory.
a) Resonant
b) Mular
c) Fazon
d) Ostwald

39. The process where a solution of known strength is added to
a certain volume of a treated sample containing an indicator is
called as ……………..
a) Titrant
b) Titrand
c) Titration curve
d) Titration

40. An acid is any molecule or ion that can donate a proton (H+)
And a base is any molecules or ion that can accept a proton:
this is called ………………theory.
a) Fazan’s
b) Bronwsted Lowry’s
c) Mular’s
d) Resonant’s

41. Sodium hydroxide is a………….
a) Weak acid
b) Weak base
c) Strong acid
d) Strong base

41. Hydrofloric acid (HF) is a………….
a) Weak acid
b) Weak base
c) Strong acid
d) Strong base

42. Which of the following is a mixed indicator?
a) Acetic acid
b) Hydrochloric acid
c) Perchloric acid
d) Litmus

43. Liquid ammonia is an example of …………
a) Protophillic solvent
b) Perchloric acid
c) Amphiprotic solvent
d) Protogenic solvent

44. Solvent are considered chemically neutral or inert under
specific condition.
a) Photophilic
b) Protogenic
c) Amphiprotic
d) Aprotic

45. An ……………agent is a chemical species that causes the
other reactant in a redox reaction.
a) Primary
b) Oxidation number
c) Oxidizing agent
d) End point

46. Iodine, potassium, iodate, potassium bromate etc. are used
as …………….
a) End point
b) Primary standard
c) Reducing agent
d) Redox system

47. ………is a titration process in which the bromination of a
chemical indicator is observed.
a) Bromatometry
b) Permangnometry
c) Dichromatometry
d) Cerimetry

48. ……………….is added in prepration of ceric ammonium
sulphate.
a) Oxalate acid
b) Nitric acid
c) Sulphuric acid
d) Iodine

49. Wather Herman Nernst was a ………………. Chemist.
a) American
b) British
c) French
d) German

50. Loss of electron from an electrode if explained as
……………
a) Oxidation potential
b) Reduction potential
c) Cerimetry
d) None of them

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