Looks at the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears in the early Nineteenth century.

1. Native American’s
The Early 19th Century

2. Andrew Jackson
Old Hickory
• From Tennessee
• Defeated British at Battle of New Orleans
• Defeated Creek Indians in the Battle of
Horseshoe Bend
• President of U.S. from 1829-1837
• Leading advocate of Indian Removal from
southern United States

3. The Indian Removal Act
Facts
• Highly controversial
• Signed into law by President Andrew Jackson in
1830
• Barely passed in the House and Senate led by
southern states
• Opposed by future President Abraham Lincoln
and Tennessee congressman Davey Crockett
• Was supposed to be voluntary
• In truth the removals were either coerced treaties
or forcible

4. Affected Tribes
 The Five Civilized tribes
 Cherokee
 Creek
 Chickasaw
 Seminole
 Choctaw
 Called so because they adopted the cultural and
technological practices of the European settlers
 Forcibly removed to territories west of the Mississippi
 Seminole Nation did not leave peaceably but fought the
government instead resulting in two wars
 Precursor of things to come for the next 50 years

5. The Trail of Tears
 The Cherokee Nation
• 1838-1839
• Forced to give up all lands east of the
Mississippi River
• Forced march to small area in Oklahoma
• More than 4,000 of 15,000 Cherokee died
o Starvation
o Disease
o Exhaustion