A brief description of yoga and shatkarma

1. Yoga
Presenter- Guided by-
Dr. Twinkle Joshi Dr. Vaishali Kuchewar
PG Scholar Professor

2. Introduction
• Derived from Sanskrit word “yuj,” which means “union” or “to join.”
• The first mention of the word “yoga” appears in Rig Veda and
systematically presented by sage Patanjali in Yogasutra in around
150 B.C.
• He wrote ‘Yogasutra’ containing 195 verses divided in four chapters.
It is believed that he was an incarnation of Adishesha.
• Yoga sutra is divided into four padas
• I - Samadhi Pada
• II – Sadhana Pada
• III – Vibhuti Pada
• IV – Kaivalya Pada

3. Definitions
• “अथ योगानुशासनम”
It means to emphasize on the “now”, which has no age, no past or
future.
• “ योगश्चित्तवृत्तत्तननरोधः”
Yoga sutra of Patanjali mentions it as restraint of the activities of
mind.
• “समत्वं योग उच्यते”
Bhagvad Geeta states it as evenness of mind.
• “योग: कममसु कौशलम ्”
Yoga is skillfullness in action.
• “योगे मोक्षे ि सवामसां वेदनानामवतमनम ्|
मोक्षे ननवृत्तत्तननमःशेषा योगो मोक्षप्रवतमकःll”
Charak Samhita mentions Yoga as the carrier of an individual to
moksha that eradicates all misery of life.

4. Philosophy
• Jnana Yoga: Yoga committed to inquiry.
• Karma Yoga: committed to selfless service and Dharma.
• Bhakti Yoga: devoted to love and devotion to God.
• Raja Yoga: for self introspection and contemplation.
• Hatha Yoga: Yoga devoted to the discipline of the body
and mind through the practice of asana and pranayama.

6. Yama
Rules of social discipline(Restraints)
Ahimsa Non-harming
Satya Truthfulness
Asteya Non-stealing
Brahmacharya Continence
Aparigraha Non-possessiveness

7. Niyama
Rules of individual discipline(Observances)
Shaucha purity, clearness of mind, speech
and body
Santosha contentment
Tapa persistence, perseverance self-
discipline
Svadhyay study of Vedas, study of self, self-
reflection, introspection
Ishvara pranidhana contemplation of the Ishvara

8. Asana
• “स्थिरसुखमासनम्”
The meditation posture should be steady and comfortable.
• Hatha Yoga Pradipika mentions 84 asanas.
• Classification-
Dhyanatmak asana- Padmasana, Siddhasana
Vishrantikar Asanas- Shavasana, makarasana
Samvardhantmak Asanas – Bhujang asana, Ushtrasana

9. Pranayama
• prana (breath) and ayama (restraint).
• Practice of consciously regulating the breath (inhalation,
the full pause, exhalation, and the empty pause
• 3 stages- Pooraka : Inhalation
Kumbhaka : Breath Holding
Rechaka : Exhalation
Normal ratio is 1:4:2
• Types- Suryabhedi, Ujjayi, Sheetali, Seetkari, Bhastrika,
Bhramri

10. Pratyahara
• Pratyahara is a combination of prati- "against" or
"contra") and ahara - "bring near, fetch“
• Pratyahara is drawing within one's awareness. It is a
process of retracting the sensory experience from
external objects
• Pratyahara marks the transition of yoga experience from
the first four external forms, to last three limbs that
perfect the inner state: moving from outside to inside.

11. Dharana
• “Desh Bandhasya Chittasya Dharana”
• It means concentration, introspective focus and one-
pointedness of mind. The root of the word
is dhri ,meaning "to hold, maintain, keep".
• Dharana is holding one's mind onto a particular inner
state.
• Mind is fixed on a mantra, or one's breath or agyan
chakra.

12. Dhyana
• Dhyana means "contemplation, reflection" and
"profound, abstract meditation
• Dhyana is contemplating on whatever Dharana on which
one has focused.
• When there is only continuous thought about one object,
uninterrupted by other thoughts of different kind for the
same object the state of dhyana is achieved.

13. Samadhi
• Literally means "putting together, joining, combining with
the universe.
• Only the essence of that object, place, or point shines
forth in the mind
• Samadhi types
• Samprajnata Samadhi - with support of an object of
meditation
• Asamprajnata Samadhi- without support of an object of
meditation

14. Shat-karma(Six Cleansing processes )
• Nauli : Abdominal massage by unifying and rotating
abdominal rectus muscles; it intensifies gastric fire.
• Neti : Cleansing of nasal canal; It is useful for the treatment of
many diseases of head and neck.
• Dhauti : Cleansing of abdomen, teeth, tongue, ear for the
elimination of impurities and increasing their efficiency.
• Basti : It is performed for cleansing of bowel. It is helpful in
removing many diseases abdomen and spleen.
• Trataka : Gazing an object without blinking; It provides
excellent vision.
• Kapalbhati : Purification and vitalization of the frontal lobes of
the head. It removes disorders of phlegm

15. Tratak
Basti
Dhauti
Neti
Nauli

16. Thank You

17. Thought of the day