Hypothesis testing

1. Mathematics Advance Statistics
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2. Hypothesis
Common Classification of Hypothesis
Kinds Of Hypothesis
Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis
Formulation of Hypothesis
Hypotesis Testing

3. •A logical supposition
•Educated guess based
on observation
•Suggested answer to the
problem
•Testable and verifiable
•Confirm or disconfirm a
theory or theories.
Hypothesis

4. Hypothesis
Common Classification of Hypothesis
Kinds Of Hypothesis
Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis
Formulation of Hypothesis
Hypotesis Testing

5. Common Classification of Hypothesis
• Research Hypothesis
–A possible solution to the research
problem posited
–A prediction
–Known as alternative hypothesis
• Statistical Hypothesis
–May either be null hypothesis or
alternative hypothesis

6. Hypothesis
Common Classification of Hypothesis
Kinds Of Hypothesis
Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis
Formulation of Hypothesis
Hypotesis Testing

8. Kinds of Hypothesis
• Null Hypothesis
–Null means not, empty or zero
–A hypothesis of no relationship or no
difference
• Alternative Hypothesis
–Asserts that there is a significant
relationship or difference between
dependent and independent variable

10. Forms of Alternative Hypothesis
• Not interested in the direction of the
difference, whether one is lesser or
greater than the other.
• This test uses a two-tailed test, a rigid
test, or a direction of no consequence.
Non-directional Hypothesis

11. Forms of Alternative Hypothesis
Non-directional Hypothesis

12. Forms of Alternative Hypothesis
 Positive Directional Hypothesis
• Uses the positive
tail or the upper
tail of the curve
• A one-tailed test,
less rigid test

13. Forms of Alternative Hypothesis
 Negative Directional Hypothesis
• Uses the lower
tail of the curve
• One-tailed test

15. Hypothesis
Common Classification of Hypothesis
Kinds of Hypothesis
Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis
Formulation of Hypothesis
Hypotesis Testing

16. Charateristic of Good Hypothesis
• Clearly states what variables are used
• Clearly states how the variables are
used
• Determines the purposed of study
• Testable
• Clearly determines the significance of
the relationship or difference of sets of
variable

17. Charateristic of Good Hypothesis
• In comparative analysis, the
intervening variables are clear and
isolated
• In a problem of relationship, the
independent and the dependent
variables are clear, specific and
isolated

18. Hypothesis
Common Classification of Hypothesis
Kinds Of Hypothesis
Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis
Formulation of Hypothesis
Hypotesis Testing

19. Formulation of Hypothesis
Identify the independent and dependent
variables to be studied.
Specify the nature of the relationship that
exists between these variables.
Simple (often referred to as parsimonious).
Does not refer to specific statistical procedures
that will be used in analysis.
Implies the population that you are going to
study.
Is falsifiable and testable.

20. The hypothesis we want to test is if H1 is
“likely” true.
So, there are two possible outcomes:
Reject H0 and accept H1 because of
sufficient evidence in the sample in favor or
H1;
 Do not reject H0 because of insufficient
evidence to support H1.

21. NOTE:
Failure to reject H0 does not
mean the null hypothesis is true.
There is no formal outcome that says
“accept H0.” It only means that we do
not have sufficient evidence to
support H1.

22. Examples:
1. Significant difference between the
attitude score and academic performance.
H0: There is no significant relationship between
the attitude score and academic performance.
H1: There is significant relationship between the
attitude score and academic performance.

23. Examples:
2. A company manufacturing RAM chips
claims the defective rate of the population is
5%. Let p denote the true defective
probability.
H0: p = 0.05
H1: p > 0.05