The supercomputer contains rows of tightly packed processors that together form a powerful computing system capable of running complex global climate models. These models contain millions of lines of code and calculate physical laws governing the Earth like cloud formation, sunlight wavelengths, forest fires, and more. They can accurately identify past and present climate and predict future climate. Carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning can remain in the atmosphere for hundreds of years, contributing to unprecedented global warming observed today according to climate model data. Solar panels harness the photoelectric effect to produce electricity from sunlight hitting silicon photovoltaic cells. These cells are combined into panels that generate direct current converted to alternating current electricity. While a renewable energy source, solar panels do not work at night so

1. Climate Models
It takes up the space of an entire industrial building, and inside, it looks like as though
there are rows and rows of tall identical bookshelves stacked tightly against each other. But these
aren’t bookshelves; together, these clusters of connected processors compose a supercomputer.
The supercomputers, with its many servers, is capable of incredible computing power; it
also requires intense cooling.
Currently, it is churning out the calculations of a global climate model; this climate model,
like many others, are on average contains 2 million lines of code – far beyond what a human
mind can complete. At the core of the climate model is the basic law of thermodynamics; it’s
also calculating the many physical laws that governs our Earth such as cloud and ice formation,
wavelengths of sunlight, forest fires, nutrient cycles, pollution, water vapor, ocean tides, energy
use such as electricity across many cities, and more. It is able to accurately identify climate from
the past and the present, and even predict the climate of the future.
Carbon dioxide is the primary cause of global warming that we are observing today. There
are two sources of carbon dioxide. First, there are natural sources of carbon dioxide such as
water vapor and volcanic ashes; these tend to have a short lifespan and say in the atmosphere at
an average of seven to a hundred days. Carbon dioxide that is emitted from the burning of fossil
fuels however can stay in the atmosphere for a 100 to 1000 years; and hence, the effect is
cumulative.
With climate models – based on data – we can be confident about the trends in climate
change and identify the causes that has led to a unprecedented rise in global surface temperature.
Solar Panels
It’s an elegant collision; under the right circumstances, waves of photons (distributed by
the sun’s rays) are able to knock electrons from an atom’s orbit through the photoelectric effect.
This phenomenon is currently harnessed to produce electricity as electrons travel through a
maze-like infrastructure made of photovoltaic cells. Thousands of photovoltaic cells are
connected to each other to compose the solar panels that make up energy-efficient homes.

2. Most of the solar panels that are available on the market are made of silicon; that’s because
silicon makes excellent semi-conductors. Additionally, the silicon-made panels have an
additional chemical ingredient such as phosphorous; together, the silicon and phosphorous makes
it easier for electrons to move freely through the various channels to produce a current. Direct
current is converted into alternating current electricity.
Because the electricity that is generated by solar panels comes from sun, it serves as one of
the greatest renewable sources of energy there is. However, there is a drawback. Solar panels
won’t work during the night when there is no longer a steady supply of photons to create a
current for electricity. A great solution to that are solar panel batteries. A battery storage will
store up the excess energy so that it can be tapped into as needed. Solar panels are an excellent
way of transitioning to a future that prioritizes renewable forms of energy.