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Solar Tower.docx
1. SOLAR TOWER
Solar power is the most important energy resource for life on Earth. The energy in sunlight has driven
the evolution of life upon our planet from the earliest tiny organisms through to the plants that have
provided food for higher organisms, and eventually for the human race. As a consequence, solar energy
is responsible for many of our common energy sources. All the biomass upon the Earth has been created
using energy from the Sun to drive photosynthesis, capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and
using it to produce organic compounds. The resulting material includes both biomass growing on the
Earth today and the fossil fuels that are the remains of ancient biomass buried within the Earth over
time, fuels that are now being burned to generate electricity and release the captured carbon dioxide
back into the atmosphere. Click here
From the perspective of energy sources, the importance of solar energy is wider still. Sunlight is the heat
source that drives the Earth’s weather systems. It evaporates the water that generates rainfall, and is
therefore responsible for hydropower. The Sun also provides most of the energy that drives the global
winds, so it is responsible for wind power. Wave power, a product of the Earth’s winds, is indirectly a
product of solar power too, as is ocean thermal power. In fact, with the exceptions of nuclear, tidal, and
geothermal power, all the major sources of electricity on Earth can be directly or indirectly linked back
to the Sun.
While solar energy is responsible for all these exploitable forms of energy, sunlight can also be utilized
directly to generate electricity. This can be carried out in two ways. The conceptually simplest method is
to use the heat energy contained in solar radiation as a heat source, collecting the Sun’s rays and
capturing the heat so that it can be used to drive a heat engine such as a steam or gas turbine. This type
of power generation has a long history, and today solar thermal power stations are being built in many
parts of the world. The second important way of exploiting solar energy to produce electricity is in a
solar or photovoltaic cell. The latter is a solid-state device, closely related to the transistor or microchip,
that can absorb sunlight and turn the absorbed light energy into electrical energy. Solar cells use a
different part of the solar spectrum from solar thermal power stations, relying on higher energy and
shorter wavelength radiation, whereas solar thermal plants use longer wavelength infrared and near-
infrared light. The commercial use of solar energy to generate electricity took off slowly during the last
three decades of the 20th century. The main stimuli for the development of both solar thermal and solar
photovoltaic technologies were the oil crises of the 1970s. Solar cells soon found a use in applications
such as powering satellites and providing remote power. Then a number of nations began funding solar
rooftop installation programs, beginning in the early 1990s, to promote the use of solar cells although
the cost remained high until the first decade of the 21st century. Since then costs have fallen
dramatically and solar cells are becoming cost-effective in a much wider range of applications. For the
future, solar cells potentially offer the most cost-effective and simple power- generating technology for
providing renewable electric power. Solar thermal technology has developed much more slowly.
2. Solar tower
The solar tower is a solar thermal technology consisting of a large solar energy collector mounted on the
solar tower, multiple solar reflectors known as heliostats, thermal storage, and a generating unit. The
heliostats are mounted on the dual-axis solar trackers that track the sun on the azimuthal angle and the
altitude angle in a way that the solar radiation is reflected by them and focused on the solar energy
receiver. The dual-axis solar trackers and the altitude and azimuthal angles are explained below. The
performance characteristics and the efficiency of the solar tower power plant depend upon the working
fluid. The most used working fluids are water, air, and molten salt.