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Ecology of community
- 1. SANT GAHIRA GURU VISHWAVIDYALAYA SARGUJAAMBIKAPUR C. G. UNIVERSITY TEACHING DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF FARM FORESTRY COURSE TITLE – PLANT TAXONOMY & FOREST ECOLOGY COURSE TYPE – CCC PRESENTATION ON – Ecology of Community PRESENTED BY Ganesh Kumar Bhagat M. Sc.-1st SEM. ENROLLMENT NO. – SGG20029815 DEPARTMENT OF FARM FORESTRY
- 2. Introduction Concept of Community Types of Communities The characteristics of a communities Elements Of Communities Community Roles Ecological Habitats & Niches Trophic Pattern Food Chains & Food Webs Conclusion Reference
- 4. COMMUNITY :-It is the place where populations interact. Can considered from two viewpoints Autecology • each organism is a member of a community Synecology • group of organisms in a particular area
- 5. Kendeigh (1974) divided the biotic community into two types Major communities Minor communities
- 6. It is a large, self-sustaining and independent unit Eg:- coral reefs, rocky community, mangroves etc. Minor community It is smaller, not self-sustaining and dependent on other communities for growth and survival but it is found in major community Example - Barnacles, Oysters, Algae, Polychaetes present rocky shores.
- 7. Each biotic community exhibits a number of characteristics,such as diversity, density, dominance composition and stratification. 1)Species Diversity 2)Growth & Structure 3) Dominance 4) Successions 5) Trophic levels
- 8. A biotic community has producer,consumer & decomposer. Within these species diversities,some populations influenced more than others in the community because the share a higher % of energy flow.
- 10. Community is usually described in term of growth forms. Structure , depending on the amount of water availability, plant communities may be hydrophytic (aquatic habitats), mesophytic (moderately moist soil habitat) and xerophytic (dry or arid habitat).
- 11. In each community, one or a few species dominate either in numbers or in physical characteristics or both over the other species. The dominant species are called 'Ecological dominants .
- 12. Succession is very important in development of community. Community develops as a result of directional change in it with time.
- 14. There are 3 broad trophic levels in a community which are Producers, Consumers & Decomposers. The food produced by the green plants is consumed directly or indirectly by all kinds of animals. So these are known as Consumers. The dead bodies & excreta of both producers & consumers are decomposed by microbes into simple substances, these are called the Decomposers of the community.
- 15. The pyramid structure of communities https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-energy-pyramid-definition- examples.html
- 16. Primary Producers – Plants & algae that make food through photo synthesis. Herbivores – Feed on primary producers Carnivores (predators) – Feed on herbivores. Omnivores – Feed on plants & animals
- 17. Trophic pyramids and the flow of energy Autotrophs and heterotrophs https://www.google.co.in/search?q=eco+piramid+tropic+level&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiF3-6v9IzwAhXIHnIKHTuMC-gQ2- cCegQIABAA&oq=eco+piramid+tropic+level&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECCMQJzoECAAQQzoCCAA6BQgAELEDOggIABCxAxCDAToECAA QAjoECAAQHjoECAAQEzoGCAAQCBAeOgYIABAFEB5QrJwPWJbaEGD34hBoBXAAeACAAaICiAHwLJIBBzAuMTkuMTCYAQCgAQGqAQ tnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=f9R-YMWjM8i9yAO7mK7ADg&bih=600&biw=1366&safe=active#imgrc=NJwGpObXjW9YgM
- 18. Producers • Organisms that make their own energy (food). • a:- Use the process of photosynthesis. • b :- Oxygen is a by-product (waste material). Consumers • Organisms that can’t make their own food. • Must eat producers or other consumers for energy. Decomposers • Organisms that feed on dead plants and animals.
- 19. Habitat • The place where an organism lives and that provides food, shelter, moisture, and temperature needed for survival. • Examples: a. Swamp b. Field c. Lake d. Tree Where an organism lives. Niche • Role of an organism in the ecosystem, including unique ways an organism survives, such as: how it interacts with other organisms, how it obtains food and shelter, and avoids danger. • Examples: a. Anteaters keep the ant population. • b. Bacteria eats dead animals assisting in decomposition. And keeping them from piling up, while adding nitrogen to the soil Role an organism plays
- 20. ENERGY FLOWS ENERGY TRANSFER FOOD WEB FOOD CHAIN
- 21. Three Classifications of Consumers Herbivores • plant-eaters Carnivores • animal-eaters Omnivores • plant and animal eaters
- 22. • Food Chains are basic representation of energy transfer from producers to consumers. Food Chains • Food Webs demonstrate how the organisms are interconnected in a more complex, realistic way. Food Webs
- 24. Community ecology or synecology is the study of the interactions between species in communities on many spatial and temporal scales, including the distribution, structure, abundance, demography, and interactions between coexisting populations.
- 26. Thank You